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  3. Nearly all cultures have a version of the arrow of time, a process by which they move towards the future and away from the past.

Nearly all cultures have a version of the arrow of time, a process by which they move towards the future and away from the past.

admin2022-07-26  85
问题     Nearly all cultures have a version of the arrow of time, a process by which they move towards the future and away from the past. According to a paper to be published in Psychological Science this has an interesting psychological effect. A group of researchers, led by Eugene Caruso of the University of Chicago, found that people judge the distance of events differently, depending on whether they are in the past or future.
    The paper calls this the "Temporal Doppler Effect". In physics, the Doppler effect describes the way that waves change frequency depending on whether their source is traveling towards or away from you. Mr. Caruso argues that something similar happens with people’s perception of time. Because future events are associated with diminishing distance, while those in the past are thought of as receding, something happening in one month feels psychologically closer than something that happened a month ago.
    This idea was tested in a series of experiments. In one, researchers asked 323 volunteers and divided them into two groups. A week before Valentine’s Day, members of the first were asked how they planned to celebrate it. A week after February 14th the second group reported how they had celebrated it. Both groups also had to describe how near the day felt on a scale of one to seven. Those describing forthcoming plans were more likely to report it as feeling "a short time from now", while those who had already experienced it tended to cluster at the "a long time from now" end of the scale. To account for the risk that recalling actual events requires different cognitive functions than imagining ones that have not yet happened, they also asked participants to rate the distance of hypothetical events a month in the past or future. The asymmetry remained.
    Interestingly, the effect can be reversed by manipulating time’s arrow. In another experiment, participants were plugged into a virtual reality machine, with some moving forwards along a tree-lined street others backwards. Those who were moving backwards reported that past events began to feel closer.
    Mr. Caruso speculates that his research has implications for psychological well-being. He suspects that people who do not show this bias—those who feel the past as being closer—might be more subject to depression, because they are more likely to dwell on past events. There may also be lessons for politicians and business leaders. Talking of future plans may be more effective than boasting about past successes. "People want to know what are you going to do for me next, not what have you done for me lately," suggests Mr. Caruso.
Caruso would most probably agree that
选项 A、politicians and business leaders should avoid boasting about past achievements.
B、those who immerse in the past are more vulnerable to depression.
C、people usually only care what can be served for them in the future.
D、psychological well-being is dependent on people’s attitude towards past and future.
答案B
解析 最后一段首句提到关于“时间距离感”的研究对心理健康有启示意义，第二句提到对过去事件距离感更近的人更容易陷入沮丧，B项的are more vulnerable to depression对应原文该句的more subject to depression，B项为本题答案。末段中只是提到talking of future plans may be more effective than boasting about past successes，但这并不意味着要绝对地avoid“避免”，故A项错误。C项中的only过于绝对，文章最后的表述只是people want to know。D项夸大文意，在末段开头，作者提出对事件距离的研究对人们的心理健全有所启示，但并不表示人们的心理健康就完全取决于此。
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