2. 外语
  3. For the most part, schools are designed to produce people who fit into society, not people who set out to change it. However, sc

For the most part, schools are designed to produce people who fit into society, not people who set out to change it. However, sc

admin2009-02-10  56
问题      For the most part, schools are designed to produce people who fit into society, not people who set out to change it. However, schools, particularly universities, may not only transmit culture; they may add to the cultural heritage. Contemporary American society places a good deal of emphasis on the development of new knowledge, especially in the physical and biological sciences, medicine, and engineering. In recent decades, the nation’s leading universities have increasingly become research centres.
     An emphasis on research has led universities to judge professors not primarily in terms of their competence as teachers, but as researchers. Promotions, salary increases, and other benefits have long been dependent on research and publication. However, the, top priority is no longer publishing. To be successful these days, professors have to bring in funds from research grants provided by government and private industry. Critics contend that academic success is most likely to come to those who have learned to "neglect" their teaching duties to pursue research activities. Defenders say that even when students are not themselves involved in research projects they benefit from the intellectual .stimulation that a research orientation brings to university life.
     Major research universities like the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have also established a range of partner- ships with industrial concerns to develop technology and products with commercial potential. With university-industry ties continuing to grow, debate has flared about the consequences for basic science, academic openness, the control of information, the direction of research, and the influence on students.
Supporters of the present emphasis on research argue that______.
选项 A、it involves more students in it
B、it does good to students anyway
C、it has a direct good effect on teaching
D、it earns a lot of money for a university
答案B
解析 对学校强调科研这种作法，不同人有不同看法。反对者 (critics) 认为，这样一来，只搞科研而“忽视”了教学的人却最可能成了有学术成绩的人。支持者(defenders)认为，即使学生们不亲身参与科研项目，他们也会受益，因为对科研的强调会给大学生活带来学术方面的刺激(intellectual stimulation)。所以，在他们看来，对科研的强调会有益于学生，虽然这个益处不是通过学生直接参加科研项目而获得的。参考第二段最后两句。D意为：“能为学校挣到很多钱。”本文只提到了获取国家或企业对科研项目的资助，
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