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In these times when market forces appear increasingly complicated and more volatile, it is all the more important to understand

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问题     In these times when market forces appear increasingly complicated and more volatile, it is all the more important to understand the professional jargon and terminology in the market place in order to be able to better make our investment and business decisions. Understanding key-economic indicators will assist in the decision making process, providing a snapshot of the current situation and an insight into the future.
    Each economic indicator tells us something about the economy or inflation. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is probably the most important report as it is the whole framework where other economic indicators fall under. Using the textbook formula where Gross National Product = Consumption + Investment + Government Spending + Exports - Imports, some of the indicators will fall into the above-mentioned category e. g. retail sales figures will fall under consumption, construction spending under investment, to name a few.
    There are also indicators that are broader that tell us about the economy itself rather than the component, e. g. employment figures, leading indicators, money supply figures ( M3 ). Inflation figures, Produce Price Index ( PPI) and the Consumer Price Index ( CPI) will, in short, inform us of the changes in wholesale prices, cost of consumer ( retail) goods and services respectively.
    An indicator that is useful must be accurate, timely and reliable. It depends entirely on the integrity of the national statistical system responsible. It is vital to know the accurate components of an indicator. We have to be mindful of the limitation of these statistical figures too.
    Some indicators can be historic or extremely volatile, and therefore their value are reduced. It is better to compare the most recent data with earlier months, or take a moving average for the past 3, 6 or 12 months to smooth the data. It will tell us if there has been a significant change in trend and whether a new direction is under way.
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答案 在目前这种时期，市场越来越变幻莫测、动荡不定，要做出明智的商业投资决策，理解市场相关的专业术语变得尤为重要。主要经济指标传达的信息包括当前的经济状况以及未来可能出现的情况，能协助制定投资和商业决策。 每个经济指标都能给我们一些有关经济状况或通货膨胀的信息，其中应以国内生产总值(GDP)最为重要。与其他的经济指标不同，它反映的是整个经济体系。经济学教材中，GDP的计算公式是：GDP=消费+投资+政府开支+出口一进口。一些经济指标都包含在上述的方程式中，如零售销售数字包括在消费、建筑开支属投资部分等。 除此之外，还有一些能反映整个经济状况而非各部门状况的更广泛的经济指标，如就业数字、领先指标和货币供应(M3)等。至于通胀数据，生产物价指数和消费物价指数，简言之，则分别让我们知道物品批发以及服务和零售消费价格的变动。 经济指标必须准确、及时和可靠。这完全依赖于相关国家统计系统是否完善。了解有关指标包含哪些方面也非常重要。另外，我们也应知道统计数字有局限性。 有些指标可能过时或是波动剧烈，降低了它们的有效性。因此，比较妥当的做法是把最新数据与之前几个月份进行比较，或是取过去3个月、6个月或12个月的平均波动数。我们将由此知道经济趋势是否发生显著改变或者新的发展趋势是否正在到来。
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