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  3. Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its

Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its

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问题    Adam Smith, writing in the 1770s, was the first person to see the importance of the division of labor and to explain part of its advantages. He is the most famous classical economist for his theory. He gives as an example the process by which pins were made in England.
   "One man draws out the wire, another one strengthens it, a third one cuts it, a fourth one points it, a fifth one grinds it at the top to prepare it to receive the head. To make the head requires two or three distinct operations. To put it on is a separate operation, to polish the pins is another. It is even a trade by itseff to put them into the paper. And the important business of making pins is, in this manner, divided into about eighteen distinct operations, which in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the same man will sometimes perform two or three of them."
   Ten men, Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4, 800 pins apiece. But if all of them had worked separately and independently without division of labor, they certainly could not, each of them, have made twenty pins in a day and perhaps not even one.
   There can be no doubt that division of labor, provided that it is not taken too far, is an efficient way of organizing work. In other words, it is helpful for the factory. The rate of production is sped up. Fewer people can make more pins. Adam Smith saw this, but he also took it for granted that division of labor is in itself responsible for economic growth and development and that it accounts for the difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division of labor adds nothing new, it only enables people to produce more of what they already have.
Adam Smith mentioned the number 4, 800 in order to______.
选项 A、show the advantages of the old craft system
B、emphasize how powerful the individual worker was
C、show the advantages of the division of labor
D、emphasize the importance of increased production
答案C
解析 综合分析题。第三段通过举例分析，用生产产品的数量来证明生产力分工的高效性。所以C项“证明劳动力分工的优点”正确。其他A、B、D项分别为“表明手工工作的优点”、 “强调工人个体是强有力的”、 “强调增加产量的重要性”，是三个干扰项。
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