2. 考研
  3. Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have lea

Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have lea

admin2005-06-26  133
问题     Learning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.
    Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.
    You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.
    In one study, researchers examined the brain of the learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning-disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together.
    The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not connect as they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.
    Other researchers did not examine brain tissue. Instead, they measured the brain’s electrical activity and made a map of the electrical’ signals.
    Frank Duffy experimented with this technique at Children’s Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Doctor Duffy found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems. The differences appeared throughout the brain. Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
选项 A、Learning disabilities may result from the unknown area of the brain.
B、Learning disabilities may result from damage to a wide area of the brain.
C、Learning disabilities may result from abnormal organization of brain cells.
D、Learning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the brain.
答案A
解析 文章最后一段提到“Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain，not just the left side．”可见文中提到了B项，无学习能力可能是由脑部许多部位的损伤导致的。第二段“There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized．”所有的无学习能力都是由大脑的不同构成方式导致的，所以C项的内容在文章中有提到了。第五段中作者讲到：盖茨维德医生指出，无学习能力主要是由于大脑左半部的问题造成的，所以D项也是文章中提到的内容。文中并没有提到未知部位的相关内容，所以A项不对。因此本题的正确答案为A。
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