首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
For more than 50 years, microbiologists in the U.S. and Europe have warned against using antibiotics to fatten up farm animals.
For more than 50 years, microbiologists in the U.S. and Europe have warned against using antibiotics to fatten up farm animals.
admin
2019-09-23
55
问题
For more than 50 years, microbiologists in the U.S. and Europe have warned against using antibiotics to fatten up farm animals. The practice, they argue, threatens human health by turning farms into breeding grounds of drug-resistant bacteria. Farmers responded that restricting antibiotics in livestock would devastate the industry and significantly raise costs to consumers. We have empirical data that should resolve this debate. Since 1995, Denmark has enforced progressively tighter rules on the use of antibiotics in raising pigs, poultry and other livestock. In the process, it has shown that it’s possible to protect human health without hurting farmers.
Farmers in many countries use antibiotics in two key ways: (1) at full strength to treat sick animals and (2) in low doses to fatten meat-producing livestock or to prevent veterinary illnesses. Although even the proper use of antibiotics can inadvertently lead to the spread of drug-resistant bacteria, the habit of using a low or "sub-therapeutic" dose is a formula for disaster: the treatment provides just enough antibiotic to kill some but not all bacteria. The germs that survive are typically those that happen to bear genetic mutations for resisting the antibiotic. They then reproduce and exchange genes with other microbial resisters. Because bacteria are found literally everywhere, resistant strains produced in animals eventually find their way into people as well. You could hardly design a better system for guaranteeing the spread of antibiotic resistance.
The data from multiple studies over the years support the conclusion that low doses of antibiotics in animals increase the number of drug-resistant microbes in both animals and people. As Joshua M. Scharfstein, a principal deputy commissioner at the Food and Drug Administration, put it, "You actually can trace the specific bacteria around and ... find that the resistant strains in humans match the resistant strains in the animals." And this science is what led Denmark to stop sub-therapeutic dosing of chickens, pigs and other farm animals.
Although the transition unfolded smoothly in the poultry industry, the average weight of pigs fell in the first year. But after Danish farmers started leaving piglets together with their mothers a few weeks longer to bolster their immune systems naturally, the animals’ weights jumped back up, and the number of pigs per litter increased as well. The lesson is that improving animal husbandry — making sure that stalls and cages are properly cleaned and giving animals more room or time to mature —
offsets
the initial negative impact of limiting antibiotic use. Today Danish industry reports that productivity is higher than before. Meanwhile, reports of antibiotic resistance in Danish people are mixed, which shows — as if we needed reminding — that there are no quick fixes.
Of course, the way veterinary antibiotics are used is not the only cause of human drug-resistant infections. Careless use of the drugs in people also contributes to the problem. But agricultural use is still a major contributing factor. Every day brings new evidence that we are in danger of losing effective antibiotic protection against many of the most dangerous bacteria that cause human illness. The technical issues are solvable. Denmark’s example proves that it is possible to cut antibiotic use on farms without triggering financial disaster. In fact, it might provide a competitive advantage. Stronger measures to deprive drug-resistant bacteria of their agricultural breeding grounds simply make scientific, economic and common sense.
We can infer from Paragraph 3______.
选项
A、Denmark has stopped using any antibiotics in animals
B、low dose of antibiotics has little effect on human health
C、drug-resistant bacteria in animals can spread to humans
D、humans and farm animals have similar bacteria structure
答案
C
解析
推断题。第3段第1句说有数据表明在动物身上使用低剂量抗生素会同时增加动物体内和人体内抗药性细菌的数量。第2句引用约书亚的结论,通过追踪“发现人体内的耐药菌种与动物体内的耐药菌种是一致的”。可以推出答案为C(动物体内耐药细菌会转嫁给人类)。需注意的是match是“相同,一致”的意思,不同于similar“类似”的意思,考生易误选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/vVMO777K
本试题收录于:
CATTI二级笔译综合能力题库翻译专业资格(CATTI)分类
0
CATTI二级笔译综合能力
翻译专业资格(CATTI)
相关试题推荐
TheblackpeopledidnotvoteinAmericain1941.
Whenisanordinarytropicalstormcalledahurricane?
Accordingtothespeaker,whydidhefailtocatchthepoint?
Earthquakesoftenhappennearvolcanoes,butthisisnotalwaystrue.Thecentersofsomeare【L1】______.Thebottomoftheseas
A、psychologicalbiologyB、developmentalpsychologyC、biologicalpsychologyD、evolutionalphysiologyB推理判断题。题干问本文讨论的内容属于什么领域。讲话者从
A、正确B、错误B特定信息的找寻和判断。根据原文Mr.Hooper,Ihavebeenwiththiscompanynowforsevenyears可知某人在向Mr.Hooper陈述已在公司工作了七年这一事实。由此可见题干的说法与原
A、正确B、错误A推理判断题。根据原文Butrecentfindingssuggestthatanotherpartoftheanswerliesindifferencesbetweenthemaleandfemale
FightingAgainstHungerVocabularyandExpressionsmicronutrientsroadmapdonoragenciessmallholderfoodsecurityp
Nike’sSuccessNikeperformedwellduringthelastquarter.Businesswasupineverymajormarket,in【L1】______,bothinits
随机试题
第一次将毛泽东思想确立为党的指导思想并载入党章的是()
创作“问题小说”的作家是()
环境污染诱发的疾病不包括
A.中脘、天枢B.肝俞、膈俞C.足三里、三阴交D.中脘、足三里E.合谷、太冲缺乳因失血过多所致者,应配合的腧穴是
护士为患者吸痰时发现痰液黏稠不易吸出,错误的处理措施是
地下工程的防水构造中,下列哪个部位不能单独使用遇水膨胀止水条作为防水措施?[2004年第067题]
鼠标是微机的一种()。
社会主义初级阶段的主要矛盾是________,解决初级阶段主要矛盾的根本途径是________。
资本主义国家法律制度的核心是
数据库设计的四个阶段是:需求分析、概念设计、逻辑设计和
最新回复
(
0
)