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  3. In the following article, some paragraph have been removed. For Questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G

In the following article, some paragraph have been removed. For Questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G

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问题 In the following article, some paragraph have been removed. For Questions 1 — 5, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices which you do not need to use.
    In the mere seven million years since we humans separated from chimpanzees, we haven’t had time to develop any differences: genetically we’re still more than 98 percent identical to chimps.
【R1】______
    That’s a large burden to place on a relative handful of genes. It should come as no surprise, then, that modern studies of animal behaviour have been shrinking the list of attributes once considered uniquely human, so that lost differences between us and animals now appear to be only matters of degree.
【R2】______
    But if human art sprang from a unique genetic endowment, isn’t it strange that our ancestors managed without with it for at least the first 6. 9 million of the 7 million years since they separated from chimps?
    The earliest art forms may well have been wood carvings or body painting. But not until the Cro-Magnons, beginning around 35,000 years ago, do we have definite evidence for a distinctly human art, in the form of the famous cave paintings, statues, necklaces and musical instruments.
【R3】______
    First, as Oscar Wilde said, "All art is quite useless". The implicit meaning a biologist sees behind it is that human art doesn’t help us survive or pass on our genes—the evident functions of most animal behaviours.()f course, much human is practical in the sense that the artist communicates something to fellow humans, but transmitting one’s thoughts or feelings isn’t the same as passing on one’s genes.
【R4】______
    The second claim—that only human art is motivated by aesthetic pleasure—also seems plausible. While we can’t ask birds whether they enjoy the form or beauty of their songs, it’s suspicious that they sing mainly during the breeding season. Hence they’re probably not singing just for aesthetic pleasure. Again, by this criterion human art seems unique.
    As for human art’s third distinction—that it’s a learned rather than an instinctive activity—each human group does have distinctive art styles that surely are learned. For example, it’s easy to distinguish typical songs being sung today in Tokyo and in Paris. But those stylistic differences aren’t wired into the singer’s genes. The French and Japanese often visit each other’s cities and can learn each other’s songs.
【R5】______
    The role of learning in human art is also clear in how quickly our art styles change. Humans innovate so rapidly that even a casual museum-goer would recognise almost any twentieth century painting as having been made later than, say, the Mona Lisa.
[A]If we’re going to insist that our recent creative burst finally does set us apart, then in what ways do we claim that our art differs from the superficially similar works of animals? Three supposed distinctions are often put forward; human art is non-practical, it’s for aesthetic pleasure and it’s transmitted by learning rather than by genes. Let’s examine these claims.
[B]In contrast, some species of birds inherit the ability to produce the particular song of their species. Each of those birds would sing the right song even if it had never heard the tune. It’s as if a French baby adopted by Japanese parents, flown in infancy to Tokyo and educated there, began to sing the French national song spontaneously.
[C]For example, tools are used not only by humans but also by wild chimpanzees, which use sticks as eating tools and weapons. As for language, monkeys have a simple one, with separate warning sounds for "leopard", "eagle" and "snake". These discoveries leave us with few absolute differences, other than art, between ourselves and animals.
[D]Our biological history implies that our physical capacity for making art and anything else we consider uniquely human must be due to just a tiny fraction of our genes.
[E]Perhaps we can now explain why art burst out spontaneously among only one species, even though other species may be capable of producing it. If the ancestors of wild chimps had more leisure time, chimps today would be painting. Indeed, some slightly modified chimps—we humans—are.
[F]These paintings by our closest relatives, then, do start to blur some distinctions between human art and animal activities. Like human paintings, the ape paintings served no narrow practical functions; they were produced not for material regard but only for the painter’s satisfaction.
[G]In contrast, birdsong serves the obvious functions of defending a territory or pursuing a mate, and thereby transmitting genes. By this criterion human art does seem different.
【R1】
选项
答案D
解析 空格为第二段。第一段提到，人和动物的基因差别甚微。第三段谈到，那给小部分的基因带来巨大负担。研究发现，被认为属于人类独有的行为越来越少。因此，上下文在说明人与动物之间“基因差异”与“行为差异”的关系。提到genes的选项有[A][D][G]。其中[A]指出人类艺术不是通过基因传递的；[G]指出鸟鸣是在传递基因；只有[D]“艺术创作等其他被认为是人类独有的行为都只是一小部分基因造成的”，和上下文主题一致，句中特征词our、we与上文的we和下文的us相呼应。
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