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  3. You are going to read a list of headings and a text about science. Choose the most suitable heading from the list for each numbe

You are going to read a list of headings and a text about science. Choose the most suitable heading from the list for each numbe

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问题     You are going to read a list of headings and a text about science. Choose the most suitable heading from the list for each numbered paragraph. The first paragraph of the text is not numbered. There is one extra heading which you don’t need to use.

A. The Need for Science
B. The Methods of Science
C. The Challenge of Unsolved Problems
D. The Specific Features of the Laws of Science
E. The Steps in Establishing a Scientific Theory
F. The Rapid Increase of Scientific Knowledge

    It is the business of the scientist to accumulate knowledge about the universe and all that is in it, and to find, if he is able, common factors which underlie and account for the facts that he knows. He chooses, when he can, the method of the "controlled experiment".
    (41)______.
    In the course of his inquiries the scientist may find what he thinks is one common explanation for an increasing number of facts. The explanation, if it seems consistently to fit the various facts, is called a hypothesis. If a hypothesis continues to stand the test of numerous experiments and remains unshaken, it becomes a law.
    (42)______.
    The "laws" of science differ from the "laws" of a country in two ways. First, a scientific law is liable at any time to need modifying. This happens when a fact is discovered which seems to contradict what the "law" would lead one to expect. The "law" may, in fact, have to be abandoned altogether. Second, a scientific "law" says, "This is likely to be the explanation", or "This accounts for the facts as far as we know them". But the "law" of the country says, "You must..." or "You must not…" The scientific "law" has no moral force; it is not binding on human behavior nor approved or opposed by human conscience.
    (43)______.
    The evidence as to the vastness of the universe and the complexity of its arrangements continues to grow at an amazing rate. The gap between what we know and all that can be known seems not to diminish, but rather to increase with every new discovery. Fresh unexplored regions are forever opening out. The rapidity of the growth of scientific knowledge, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, is apt to give students and teachers the impression that no sooner is a problem stated than the answer is forthcoming. A more detailed study of the history of science corrects the impression that fundamental discoveries are made with dramatic suddenness. Even in our present age no less than fifty years separate the discovery of radioactivity from the explosion of the first atomic bomb. The teacher, giving his brief accounts of scientific discovery, is apt to forget the long periods of misunderstanding, of false hypotheses and general uncertainty, which almost invariably precede the clear statement of scientific truth.
    (44)______.
    The vast mass of information which scientists have gained has provided the answer to the fundamental questions which, through the centuries, have puzzled and sometimes tortured the human mind. There are many such questions. The study of parasites has provided evidence that organisms which could be self-supporting have become parasites, but hardly any light has been shed on the problem of why they should have done so. What enables an organism to respond to the poisonous secretions of harmful bacteria and organize its resources to defend its life?
    (45)______.
    To raise the standard of living in any country, two things are required: scientific knowledge, and a population sufficiently educated to understand how to apply it. Without the latter, the expected benefits will not come.
Notes: ado麻烦，忙乱。be binding on对...有约束力。parasite 寄生虫。shed light on 使某事物更清楚些。secretion分泌物
选项
答案E
解析 本题要求选择段落标题填入空白处，使段落标题和段落内容保持一致。第1段中作者谈到科学实验的方法，即"对照试验"。本段内容是：在科学实验过程中，科学家可能会发现，有的想法能普遍解释越来越多的事实。这种解释如果能始终如一地适合各种事实，那么这种解释就叫做假设。如果一个假设能不断地经受住许许多多试验的检验并毫不动摇，那它就成了定律。可见，这一段告诉我们科学理论建立的步骤，故应选E。
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