首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Given the briefest of glances at a picture, most people believe they have not had time to recognize anything in it at all. Ask t
Given the briefest of glances at a picture, most people believe they have not had time to recognize anything in it at all. Ask t
admin
2012-08-05
94
问题
Given the briefest of glances at a picture, most people believe they have not had time to recognize anything in it at all. Ask them whether they saw an animal and they consider themselves to be making a futile guess. Yet those guesses are right much more often than they are wrong. That is because the brain can carry out immediate visual processing even when it does not have time for any cognitive back-chatter. A neuroscientist trying to understand how people recognize objects would thus start with this simplest of systems.
That is the purpose of Dr. Serre’s computer. His project is nothing less than ad attempt to reverseengineer the relevant part of the brain. That part is the ventral visual pathway. Anatomy shows that it is organized into numerous areas. Experiments on monkeys, in which researchers have recorded what excites individual nerve cells in each of these areas, give strong hints about how it works.
The pathway is hierarchical. Signals from the retina flow to the most basic processing area first; the cells in that area fire up others in the next area, and so on. Those in the first area are fussy. They react to edges or bars in particular orientations. By combining their signals, however, cells in the second area can respond to comers or bars in any orientation. And so the system builds up. Cells in the final area can recognize general things, animals included.
Dr. Serre considered his computer’s processing units analogous to nerve cells, and he organized them into areas, just as they are in real brains. Then he let the machine learn in much the same way that babies do. First he mimicked early development when nerve cells are plastic. At this stage babies’ brains tune their nerve cells to visual features according to how common those features am in the world around them. That is why kittens raised so that they see only vertical lines have brains that look different from those raised in an environment with purely horizontal ones. Dr. Serre’s processor developed sensitivities in a similar fashion when he showed it lots of photographs. That stage complete, he then told the computer when what it "saw" contained an animal, and when it did not.
The result was a model that closely imitates the ventral visual pathway. Processing units in each area are sensitive to the same set of features as nerve cells in the brain’s analogous areas, and they are linked together as they are in the brain. This artificial recognition system correctly distinguishes photographs containing animals from those without creatures 82% of the time; Dr. Serre’s students get it right 80% of the time. Moreover, his computer and his volunteers tend to slip up on the same images — and turning photographs on their sides makes poorer animal-recognizers out of both, by roughly the same amount.
Dr. Serre’s processor ______ when shown a lot of photographs.
选项
A、became sensitive to pictures
B、reacted in the same way
C、adapted itself according to the similarities
D、displayed sensitiveness______.
答案
C
解析
推断题。第四段的第四句话提到在大脑发育的早期,婴儿会根据见到的视觉信息的共同点来调节脑细胞;第六句说Dr. Serre电脑的处理器在处理照片时,原理与此类似,由此可以推知,该处理器也是根据照片的共同点来自我调节的,故选C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/vdmK777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
Itisnoteasytopin-pointthe【C1】______oftheChristmasfeast,todaythemostimportantfeastoftheChristmasseasoninmos
HELSINKI(AFP)-FinnishmobilephonegiantNokia(pews-websites)saiditwouldexpanditsresearchanddevelopmentactivities
Federaleffortstoaidminoritybusinessesbeganinthe1960’swhentheSmallBusinessAdministration(SBA)beganmakingfederal
Forceismeasuredinpound______itisproduced.
Thepressure______causesAmericanstobeenergetic,butitalsoputsthemunderaconstantemotionalstrain.
This______ofpublicmoneyhascastdoubtsontheactionsofthewholetopmanagementofthecorporation.
Atthefall2001SocialScienceHistoryAssociationconventioninChicago,theCrimeandJusticenetworksponsoredaforumonth
Theproblemhas______simplybecauseyoudidn’tfollowmyinstructions.
TheflatsIhavelookedatsofarweretooexpensive.SoI’mbetteroff______whereIam.
ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.【C1】______inthe1900smostA
随机试题
Properarrangementofclassroomspaceisimportanttoencouraginginteraction.Today’scorporationshirehumanengineeringspec
简述审美经验中理解的特点。
下列哪项不是功血常用的辅助检查
A.超声心动图检查B.X线心脏三位相片检查C.心室及冠状动脉造影检查D.漂浮导管检查E.心电图运动负荷试验检查对左心功能判断最有价值
指导-合作型护患关系适用于()。
债券分为附息债券和零息债券的依据是( )。
有限合伙企业的有限合伙人不可以同本有限合伙企业进行交易。()
某工业企业为单步骤简单生产企业,设有一个基本生产车间,大量生产A、B两种产品;另设有供电、机修两个辅助生产车间,为全厂提供产品和劳务。根据生产特点和管理要求,A、B两种产品采用品种法计算产品成本。该企业2014年5月份有关成本资料如下:(1)A、B两种产
某学校学生、教师和课程实体对应的关系模式如下:学生(学生号,姓名,性别,年龄,家庭住址,电话)课程(课程号,课程名)教师(职工号,姓名,年龄,家庭住址,电话)如果一个学生可以选修多门课程,一门课程可以有多个学生选修;一个教师
Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostinthelast500years?______Coffeeoriginallycamefrom
最新回复
(
0
)