首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Beha
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Beha
admin
2009-10-15
41
问题
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive(认识派的)researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary(金钱的)rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺激)indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
"If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity," says Robert Eisenhower of the University of Delaware in Newark. "But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance of or creating too much anticipation for rewards. "
A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenhower holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
In earlier grades, the use of so-called taken economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
选项
A、the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards
B、the amount of monetary rewards for students’ creativity
C、the study of relationship between actions and their consequences
D、the effects of external rewards on students’ performance
答案
D
解析
本题要求判断心理学家们在谈论何种问题时意见分歧。依据文章第一段第一行、第三行Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity.(外部奖励,从热情洋溢的话语表扬到冷漠的现金,如何影响一个人的动机和创造力,对这一点,心理学家们采用完全不同的观点。)其中该句中的opposing和divided相对应。views和attitudes相对应,affect转化到名词effect,所以,D应为正确选择。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/vefd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语二级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语二级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
【B1】【B15】
【B1】【B9】
【B1】【B4】
IambackinBrightonnowthroughagreatholiday【S1】______withRosieinDublin.Ireallyenjoyit.Wetravel
Inthe______ofmostpeople,therewillbeagoodharvestthisautumn.
HenryFordwasthefirstonetobuildcarswhichwerefast,reliable(可靠的)andcheap.Hewasabletosellmillionsofthembecause
Howdothewriter’sfriendsfeelaboutthedelayofhistrip?Whatmadethewriterstartdoubtingthepossibilityofthetrip?
Whataretheytalkingabout?
随机试题
具有统摄全局、概括总结预测指导作用的心理评估过程是()
患者,久疟不愈,遇劳复发,寒热时作,食少自汗,面色萎黄日见增加,形瘦倦怠,舌淡,苔薄,脉细无力。方选
下列关于同定资产更新决策的说法中,不正确的是()。
遗忘的进程是不均衡的,呈现的趋势是()
京剧和中医、国画并称为我国三大国粹,人们习惯称戏班、剧团为“梨园”。()
建设中国特色社会主义的政治,就是在中国共产党领导下,在人民当家做主的基础上,__________,__________。
毛泽东曾指出:“两篇文章,上篇与下篇,只有上篇做好,下篇才能做好。坚决地领导民主革命,是争取社会主义胜利的条件。”其中,“上篇”和“下篇”分别指()
有以下程序,程序运行的结果是______。#include<iostream.h>#include<string.h>voidmain(){charx[]="C++",y[10]="C++";
Inspiteofthewiderangeofreadingmaterialspeciallywrittenor______forlanguagelearningpurposes,thereisyetnocompreh
economic本题有关斯里兰卡的卫生项目给当地居民带来的好处。录音原文中的improve是题目中providebetter的同义替换:而chances是opportunities的同义转述。
最新回复
(
0
)