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  3. The most consistently identified teacher effectiveness variable is time on task. That is, the more time that students spend on

The most consistently identified teacher effectiveness variable is time on task. That is, the more time that students spend on

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问题     The most consistently identified teacher effectiveness
variable is time on task. That is, the more time that students spend
on learning specific academic content, the better they will learn it.
Distinction is made between allocated time on task(the time that
teachers allocate to particular instructional activities)and engaged
time on task(the time that students actually spend engaged in
instruction). Because no consistent relation has been seen between【M1】______
allocated time on task and academic achievement, research has
demonstrated that engaged time on task is positive related to【M2】______
academic achievement.
    Strategies for maximizing engaged time on task have been
identified and included effectively managing transitions, avoiding【M3】______
digressions and other irrelevant verbalizations, and manage【M4】______
classroom behavior. Sometimes, teachers can improve
student-engaged time on task by examining the amount of
allocated time for class and monitoring their own teacher
behaviors more closely. For example, teachers may find that they
start classes 5 minutes late, end classes 5 minutes early, stop
during the middle of class to search for relevant instructional
materials, and stop to manage appropriate classroom behaviors.【M5】______
Once such target areas are identified, teachers can design strategies
to improve each area that will lead in increasing the amount of【M6】______
student-engaged time on task during classes.
    Effective teacher presentations have also been identified.
Teachers minimize achievement when their presentations contain【M7】______
elements as structure of lesson, clarity of teacher presentation,【M8】______
redundancy in emphasizing important concepts, and enthusiasm.
Structure includes listing students’ attention, providing a lesson【M9】______
overview that includes lesson objectives, providing outlines of the
lesson and to indicating when transitional points occur, and【M10】______
summarizing and reviewing key points as the lesson proceeds.
【M7】
选项
答案minimize一maximize
解析 语篇错误。本句列举的教师表述所包含的要素，例如：课文结构、表述清晰、对重要概念的重复强调以及充满热情，都是对教师课堂成就有利的要素，所以集中这些要素是对课堂教学有积极作用的，而不是消极作用，这里提到的教师课堂成就也应该是会达到“最大化”，故要将minimize改为maximize。
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