首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Higher Education in China Nowadays, the reform and development of higher education have made significant achievements. Highe
Higher Education in China Nowadays, the reform and development of higher education have made significant achievements. Highe
admin
2013-03-21
29
问题
Higher Education in China
Nowadays, the reform and development of higher education have made significant achievements. Higher education system has played an important role in the construction of modernization. However, the former system has weaknesses:it is highly (1)______. As a result, many disadvantages are generated. Firstly, the state undertook too many responsibilities; secondly, the schools are not (2)______enough to meet the needs of the society; finally, with too many disciplines over-lapped, some HEIs are very (3)______,which hampered the development of education quality.
Therefore, the overall objectives of higher education reform are to smooth the relationship among government, society and HEIs, (4)______a new system:the state is responsible for macro management while the HEIs gain the autonomy to provide education according to needs of the society.
The (5)______of higher education is the key for other higher education reforms. It includes five parts:
1. Reforms of education provision. The old system has been broken, and a new system has been taking shape.
2.Management. The relationship among universities, government and society has been gradually smoothed out by various ways such as (6)______.
3.Financing system. Unlike the old system, the new funding system of higher education cannot (7)______only, but should pool sources from diverse channels.
4.Recruitment and job-placement. All students should pay reasonable contribution to their own higher education, and (8)______are introduced to guarantee that no students will drop out of school because of economic reasons. After graduation, the school usually will not (9)______jobs to students:they have to select their own jobs under the guidance of the state policy.
5.(10)______. The key of the reform lies in the personnel system and the allotment system reforms.
Higher Education in China
Since the implementation of reform and opening up, the reform and development of higher education have made significant achievements. A higher education system with various forms, which encompasses basically all branches of learning, combines both degree-education and non-degree education and integrates college education, undergraduate education and graduate education, has taken shape. Higher education in China has played an important role in the economic construction, science progress and social development by bringing up large scale of advanced talents and experts for the construction of socialist modernization.
As we can see from the changes in the past decades, the reform of higher education has proved to be very necessary and fruitful whereas the former system has some ingrained weaknesses. Chinese economic system used to be very highly centralized. To adapt to that, the former higher education system was also centralized, with education provided by the central and local governments respectively and directly under their administration. Consequently, there are many disadvantages involved:firstly, the state undertook too many responsibilities; secondly, the schools lacked the flexibility and autonomy to provide education according to the needs of the society; last but not least, with too many single disciplinary HEIs and professional HEIs, and with the establishment of disciplines over-lapped, the efficiency of some HEIs fell very low which in return hampered the improvement of education quality.
Therefore, the structural reform of higher education has become a key for other higher education reforms. The overall objectives of higher education reform are to smooth the relationship among government, society and HEIs, setting up and perfecting a new system in which the state is responsible for the overall planning and macro management while the HEIs follow the laws and enjoy the autonomy to provide education according to needs of the society. Generally, the reforms of higher education consist of five parts:reforms of education provision, management, investment, recruitment and job-placement, and the inner-institute management, among which management reform is of most importance and difficulty.
Fortunately, after several years’ endeavour, the structural reform of higher education has gained heartening achievements. Here, let’s take a look at the detailed improvements in these fields.
In the field of education provision reform, the old system in which the state undertook the establishment of all HEIs has been broken, and a new system in which the government takes main responsibility with the active participation of society and individuals has been taking shape. The development of HEIs run by social forces is fully encouraged and supported.
Regarding management system reform, the relationship among universities, government and society has been gradually smoothed out by various ways such as joint establishment, adjustment, cooperation and merger. A two-level education provision system has taken shape in which the central and local government will take different responsibilities to provide education with the former responsible for the overall planning and management. As a result, the overlapping of education was overcome. At the same time, the government streamlines their administration and delegates more power to the HEIs, expanding their autonomy of providing education for the society according to the laws.
With regard to the financing system, the old system in which the funding of higher education depended on the governments only has been changed and a new system capable of pooling resources from diverse channels with the main responsibilities on government has been gradually established and perfected.
With regard to the reform of system of recruitment, fees charging and graduates job placing, on the basis that all citizens should enjoy the legally equal right of receiving higher education, which should be consistently stuck to, in the light of local □economic □ development, a new system in which all students should pay reasonable contribution to their own higher education has taken shape. Simultaneously, a scholarship system for excellent student both academically and morally and a loan, stipend and taking part-time job system for students with family economic difficulties has been brought into common practice, ensuring that no students will drop out of school because of economic reasons. After their graduation, the students will mainly select their own jobs under the guidance of the state policy. In addition, the Ministry of Education is undertaking the reform of examination and recruitment of HEIs which will help HEIs to select talents and expand the autonomy of schooling, thus laying the foundation of training creative talents, and also help the secondary schools to implement comprehensive quality oriented education.
With regard to the reform of internal administration mechanism, the key lies in the personnel system and the allotment system reforms. On the basis of reasonable organization structure delimitation, all the teaching staff carries out the post responsibility system and appointment system and working achievements are emphasized concerning the personal income allotment, which strengthens the encouragement mechanism in allotment and mobilizes the enthusiasm of the teaching.
To sum up, today we discussed the reform and development of higher education in China. The domains covered are mainly the disadvantages of the former higher education system, the overall objectives of reform, and the detailed achievements of reform in five areas. I hope this will give you some insight into this issue.
选项
答案
flexible and autonomous/flexible/autonomous
解析
本题为细节题,属于转换词性型。考生只需根据原文信息…secondly, the schools lacked the flexibility and autonomy to provide education according to the needs of the society;…即可得出答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/wI4O777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Themostobviousandrapidchangeinthedevelopmentofalanguagetakesplaceintheareaof
Childrenaregettingsofattheymaybethefirstgenerationtodiebeforetheirparents,anexpertclaimedyesterday.Today’s
Childrenaregettingsofattheymaybethefirstgenerationtodiebeforetheirparents,anexpertclaimedyesterday.Today’s
Childrenaregettingsofattheymaybethefirstgenerationtodiebeforetheirparents,anexpertclaimedyesterday.Today’s
Whetherthearrangementrenewed,Ms.Tischsaid,dependsonavailablemoneyandtheprogram’ssuccess.
Infact,today’steenagersaremisbehavingalotlessthanhisparentsdid.
TheEuropeanCentralBankleftitsmaininterestrateunchangedWednesday,choosingtoputtheonusonpoliticalleaderstoaddr
TheEuropeanCentralBankleftitsmaininterestrateunchangedWednesday,choosingtoputtheonusonpoliticalleaderstoaddr
随机试题
当一大面积烧伤病人收入病房时,你应采取哪一种隔离措施()。
男性,35岁。1型糖尿病病史10年,平素应用胰岛素治疗,未检测血糖。此次外出,2天未应用胰岛素,出现乏力,口渴,萎靡,恶心,呕吐,腹痛。于医院就诊时化验血糖20.32mmol/L,尿酮体卅,血气pH7.01,HCO35.3mmol/L,血钾3.56mm
男性,63岁,患有糖尿病10年。医嘱:普通胰岛素8U,餐前30分钟,IH,tid。“IH”的含义是()。
王某由于经营木材生意,被A区工商局和B市公安局联合执法,罚款1万元。现在赔偿请求人王某因此对A区工商局和D市公安局提起赔偿诉讼,应当向哪个人民法院提起?
在市场营销学发展历史的应用时期,市场表现出的基本特征是()。
市场预测方法一般可分为()。
某企业负责人多次授意会计机构负责人李某伪造会计凭证。李某依据《会计法》,向企业负责人多次讲明私设会计账簿是违法的,拒绝设置账外账。负责人的目的没有达到,随后以李某学历较低为由.将其与本科毕业的但没有会计从业资格证且从未从事过会计工作的某销售主管对调,企业负
规定摩托车司机必须戴头盔的制度是为了减少车祸伤亡,但在头盔的保护下,司机骑摩托车速度更快,事故反而增加了。司机有头盔的保护,自身伤亡减少了,但是路人的伤亡却增加了。这一事实表明()。
A、TheywillgotofifthAvenueofdowntownarea.B、Thewomanwillpickupthemanathisplace.C、Themanwingotothegardeno
Housingofficialssaythatlatelytheyarenoticingsomethingdifferent:studentsseemtolackthewill,andskill,toaddresst
最新回复
(
0
)