2. 外语
  3. As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disap

As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disap

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问题    As the twentieth century began, the importance of formal education in the United States increased. The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities. Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society.
   The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling. By 1920 schooling to age fourteen or beyond was compulsory in most states, and the school year was greatly lengthened. Kindergartens, vacation schools, extracurricular activities, and vocational education and counseling extended the influence of public schools over the lives of students, many of whom in the larger industrial cities were the children of immigrants. Classes for adult immigrants were sponsored by public schools, corporations, unions, churches, settlement houses and other agencies.
   Reformers early in the twentieth century suggested that education programs should suit the needs of specific populations. Immigrant women were one such population. Schools tried to educate young women so they could occupy productive places in the urban industrial economy, and one place many educators considered appropriate for women was the home.
   Although looking after the house and family was familiar to immigrant women, American education gave homemaking a new definition. In preindustrial economies, homemaking had meant the production as well as the consumption of goods, and it commonly included income-producing activities both inside and outside the home. In the highly industrialized early-twentieth-century United States, however, overproduction rather than scarcity was becoming a problem. Thus, the ideal American homemaker was viewed as a consumer rather than a producer. Schools trained women to be consumer homemaker — cooking, shopping, decorating, and caring for children "efficiently" in their own homes, or if economic necessity demanded, as employees in the homes of others. Subsequent reforms have made these notions seem quite out-of-date.
It can be inferred from the first paragraph that one important factor in the increasing importance of education in the United States was______.
选项 A、the growing number of schools in frontier communities
B、an increase in the number of trained teachers
C、the expanding economic problems of schools
D、the increased urbanization of the entire country
答案D
解析 本题定位于第一段第二、三句话“The frontier had mostly disappeared and by 1910 most Americans lived in towns and cities．Industrialization and the bureaucratization of economic life combined with a new emphasis upon credentials and expertise to make schooling increasingly important for economic and social mobility”。由此可知，到了1910年，大多数美国人都居住在城镇和城市之中，工业化和经济生活的官僚化，再加上对证书和专业知识的重视，使得学校教育对经济和社会流动变得越来越重要。由此可以推出，城市化进程让人们越来越重视教育，通过教育实现阶层流动。D项符合这一推论。A，B和C三项文中并未提及相关信息，属于无中生有。因此选择D。
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