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  3. The idea that music makes you smarter has received considerable attention from scholars and the media. Current interest in【C1】__

The idea that music makes you smarter has received considerable attention from scholars and the media. Current interest in【C1】__

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问题    The idea that music makes you smarter has received considerable attention from scholars and the media. Current interest in【C1】______between music and intelligence stems from two independent areas of research. One focuses on short-term effects of【C2】______listening to music. The other is on a separate【C3】______of research, which examines whether music lessons have【C4】______benefits that extend to non-musical areas of cognition. Such【C5】______could be unique to children who take music lessons for long periods of time【C6】______their experiences differ substantially from those of other children. Music lessons【C7】_______long periods of focused attention, memorization of【C8】______musical passages, learning about a variety of musical structures, and【C9】______mastery of technical skills and the conventions【C10】______the expression of emotions in performance. This【C11】______of experiences could have a positive impact on cognition, particularly during the childhood years, when brain development is highly【C12】______and sensitive to environmental influence.
   Previous findings are【C13】______with the hypothesis that music lessons promote intellectual development. For example, natural musical gifts is associated with literacy.【C14】______correlational and experimental studies【C15】______that music lessons have positive relations with verbal memory, reading ability, selective attention, and mathematics achievement.【C16】______, the simplest explanation of these【C17】______relations is that they come from a common component, such as general intelligence. Put simply, children【C18】______high IQs are more likely than other children to take music lessons. To conclude that music lessons have a causal relation with IQ that is【C19】______to music, one must rule【C20】______potentially confusing factors such as socioeconomic status, and education, and demonstrate that non-musical, extracurricular activities do not have comparable effects on IQ.
【C17】
选项 A、diffuse
B、fragmentary
C、universal
D、comprehensive
答案A
解析 本题考查上下文语义。根据语义可知，设空处需填入形容词修来饰relations，指上句提到的音乐学习与词汇记忆、阅读能力等的联系。该形容词应概括出上文这些“联系”的一种特点，同时又与本句下文出现的common构成语义上的对应。diffuse“散开的，分散的，不集中的”代入文中，全句意为“对这些分散的联系最简单的解释是它们有共同的来源”，符合文意，所以A项正确。从上下文无法得知那些联系是“不完整的”“普遍存在的”或“全面性的”，因此排除其他项。
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