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  3. Transatlantic friction between companies and regulators has grown as Europe’s data guardians have become more assertive. Frances

Transatlantic friction between companies and regulators has grown as Europe’s data guardians have become more assertive. Frances

admin2022-07-06  13
问题     Transatlantic friction between companies and regulators has grown as Europe’s data guardians have become more assertive. Francesca Bignami, a professor at George Washington University’s law school, says that the explosion of digital technologies has made it impossible for watchdogs to keep a close eye on every web company operating in their backyard. So instead they are relying more on scapegoating prominent wrongdoers in the hope that this will deter others.
    But regulators such as Peter Schaar, who heads Germany’s federal data-protection agency, say the gulf is exaggerated. Some European countries, he points out, now have rules that make companies who suffer big losses of customer data to report these to the authorities. The inspiration for these measures comes from America.
    Yet even Mr. Schaar admits that the internet’s global scale means that there will need to be changes on both sides of the Atlantic. He hints that Europe might adopt a more flexible regulatory stance if America were to create what amounts to an independent data-protection body along European lines. In Europe, where the flagship Data Protection Directive came into effect in 1995, the European Commission is conducting a review of its privacy policies. In America Congress has begun debating a new privacy bill and the Federal Trade Commission is considering an overhaul of its rules.
    Even if America and Europe do narrow their differences, internet firms will still have to struggle with other data watchdogs. In Asia countries that belong to APEC are trying to develop a set of regional guidelines for privacy rules under an initiative known as the Data Privacy Pathfinder. Some countries such as Australia and New Zealand have longstanding privacy laws, but many emerging nations have yet to roll out fully fledged versions of their own. Mr. Polonetsky sees Asia as "a new privacy battleground", with America and Europe both keen to tempt countries towards their own regulatory model.
    Canada already has something of a hybrid privacy regime, which may explain why its data-protection commissioner, Jennifer Stoddart, has been so influential on the international stage. She marshaled the signatories of the Google Buzz letter and took Facebook to task last year for breaching Canada’s data privacy laws, which led the company to change its policies.
    Ms Stoddart argues that American companies often trip up on data-privacy issues because of "their brimming optimism that the whole world wants what they have rolled out in America." Yet the same optimism has helped to create global companies that have brought huge benefits to consumers, while also presenting privacy regulators with tough choices. Shoehorning such firms into old privacy frameworks will not benefit either them or their users.
According to Jennifer Stoddart, in terms of privacy rules,
选项 A、Facebook was criticized for breaking Canada’s rules.
B、America’s model is a good example to follow.
C、Canada’s hybrid model is influential in the world.
D、global companies need not to obey privacy rules.
答案A
解析 根据Jennifer Stoddart定位到第五段和第六段。第五段最后一句谈到了詹妮弗.斯托达特指责Facebook网站违反加拿大数据隐私条例。A项是该句子的同义改写，其中criticize一词对应原文的take．．．to task“指责”，breaking则对应breaching“违反”。故答案为A。第六段首句说到詹妮弗·斯托达特认为美国公司经常栽在数据隐私问题上，说明她并未看好美国的model，B项错误。C项偷换概念。原文讲的是詹妮弗.斯托达特很有影响力，而非Canada’s hybrid model。D项违反常理，不可能是斯托达特的观点。
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