首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Definitions of Obesity A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-we
Definitions of Obesity A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-we
admin
2017-02-24
36
问题
Definitions of Obesity
A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.
B)The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a person’s height and weight. The "Body Mass Index"(BMI)is calculated by dividing the person’ s weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.
C)However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP)in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation(IDF)are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.
Health Effects of Obesity
D)Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person’s physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2("mature onset diabetes")and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.
Cancer
E)Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.
F)The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a woman’s menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.
G)The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!
Aging
H)Research published by St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman’ s biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a woman’s biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.
I)The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.
Dementia
J)Recent research(2005)conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.
K)Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.
Other Problems
L)The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency cae-sarean section.
M)This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.
Obesity would affect a person’ s emotional well-being.
选项
答案
D
解析
信息明示题。题干:肥胖会影响一个人的心理健康。题干关键词emotional well-being。文中D段第三句提到,肥胖对人的身体、社会和心理健康有重要影响。与题干意思吻合,故选D。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/wxi7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Mostpeoplethinksuccessisagoal.Idonot.Iseesuccessasaprocess.Mostpeople【B1】______successonlyintermsofmoney.
A、Employerandemployee.B、Co-workers.C、Husbandandwife.D、Businesspartners.B工作商务类。事实细节题。男士抱怨他无法在这么短的时间内完成这么多的工作;女士说她也在相同的时间
A、Receptionistandcustomer.B、Attendantandpassenger.C、Husbandandwife.D、Guideandtourist.C根据关键词anniversary“周年纪念”和honeymo
Whencouplesgetmarried,theyusuallyplantohavechildren.Sometimeshowever,acouplecannothaveachildoftheirown.Int
Whencouplesgetmarried,theyusuallyplantohavechildren.Sometimeshowever,acouplecannothaveachildoftheirown.Int
Whencouplesgetmarried,theyusuallyplantohavechildren.Sometimeshowever,acouplecannothaveachildoftheirown.Int
1978年以来,中国的农业技术得到了很大的改善。中国引进了高产农作物,增加了农用化学品和农业机械的用量,扩大了灌溉面积。农村地区的耗电量增加了6倍多。近年来,中国在农业和食品工业研究方面取得了巨大进步。例如:早在20世纪90年代中期,就启动了一个大型国家生
Somepeopleborrowmoneyand"forget"topayitback.Largeloansareseldomtheissue:theyareusuallytreatedasbusiness
MostofthecollegesofeducationintheUnitedStatesaredoinganinadequatejobof【B1】______elementaryteachersforteachin
MostofthecollegesofeducationintheUnitedStatesaredoinganinadequatejobof【B1】______elementaryteachersforteachin
随机试题
某市法院开发了“电脑量刑辅助系统”。该系统旨在为司法审判提供较为客观的尺度和标准,把法官估推量刑的“暗箱”打开,使其公开化、标准化,从而减少上诉和申诉,有效节约司法资源。对此,下列说法中正确的是:()
铆工常用的弯曲成形方法有哪些?
穿过腮腺内的神经是
按照《文物保护法实施条例》规定,涉及建筑活动的文物保护单位下列行为中,仅须取得文物行政主管部门颁发的相应等级的文物保护工程资质证书即可承担的是()。
应收账款的函证为何还要对余额为零的项目进行函证?
下列说法中,包含着创新思想的是()。
20世纪70年代以来,越来越多的发展中国家走上了利用外部资金发展国民经济的道路,外部资金的注入促进了许多发展中国家的经济腾飞。对发展中国家来说,外资的引进首先是弥补了国内资本的不足,但更为重要的是由于“溢出效应”,它的载体跨国公司为东道国带来了更好的制度、
关于法的本质学说,以下匹配正确的是()
以下程序的输出结果是#include<iostream.h>voidmain(){charx=040;cout<<(X<<1);}
Dr.AlanHirschdesignssmellsforbusinesses.Hesaysthatitdoesn’ttakeawholelotofsmelltoaffectyou.Storeownerscan
最新回复
(
0
)