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  3. What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be; such consensus ca

What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be; such consensus ca

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问题     What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be; such consensus cannot be gained from society’s present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homer’s epics informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies.
    Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic personality has become characteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism, Christopher Lash says that modern man, "tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for". There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.
    Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as are found in totalitarian societies, our culture is one of the great individual differences, at least in principle and in theory; but this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because ours is a society based on individual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have consensus, it must be based on a myth—a vision about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to ward off feelings of isolations, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness—in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values.
In the eyes of the author, the greatest trouble with the U. S. society may lie in______.
选项 A、the non-existence of consensus on the forms the society should take
B、the lack of divergence over the common organizations of social life
C、the non-acceptance of a society based on individual diversity
D、the pervasive distress caused by national morale decline
答案A
解析 题干问：“本文作者认为，美国社会面临的最大问题在于……”。本文开篇就讲述了美国社会当前面临的最严重问题是人们无法对社会以及在社会中的生活达成致意见，因此A“对社会应采用何种社会形态缺乏致性的意见”为正确选项。而选项B“对社会生活的公共组织缺乏不同意见”，选项C“不接受基于个体多样性的社会”和选项D“由于民族精神衰败所导致的广泛存在的沮丧”都不是美国社会所面临的最大问题。
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