首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
For gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental levels, researchers can use two related research desig
For gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental levels, researchers can use two related research desig
admin
2015-01-09
71
问题
For gathering data about individuals or groups at different developmental levels, researchers can use two related research designs: longitudinal and cross-sectional.
A longitudinal study is one that measures a behavior or a characteristic of an individual over a period of time, perhaps decades. An example of such a study is the Berkeley Growth Study begun in 1928 by Nancy Bayley. The study focused on a group of 74 white, middle-class newborns. As they grew older, extensive measures of their intellectual, personality, and motor development were recorded. The subjects were studied for more than thirty years.
The longitudinal research design is a powerful technique for seeking understandings of the effects of early experiences on later development. Also, differences in stability of behaviors or characteristics at different ages can be determined. Longitudinal studies, however, are expensive to conduct, time-consuming, and heavily contingent on the patience and persistence of the researchers. The findings of a longitudinal study may be jeopardized by relocation of subjects to another part of the country and by boredom or irritation at repeated testing. Another disadvantage is that society changes from one time to another and the subjects participating in the study reflect to some degree such changes. The methods of study or the questions guiding the researchers may also change from one time to another. If properly conducted, however, longitudinal studies can produce useful, direct information about development.
A cross-sectional study is one in which subjects of differing ages are selected and compared on a specific behavior or characteristic. They are alike with respect to socioeconomic status, sex, or educational level. For example, a researcher may be interested in looking at changes in intelligence over a thirty-year period. Three groups of subjects—ages ten, twenty and thirty, may be selected and tested. Conclusions are drawn from the test data.
The cross-sectional research design has the clear advantage of being less expensive to conduct and certainly less time-consuming. The major disadvantage is that different individuals who make up the study sample have not been observed over time. No information about past influences on development or about age-related changes is secured. Like longitudinal studies, the cross-sectional methods cannot erase the generational influence that exists when subjects studied are born at different time. Psychologists are now beginning to use an approach that combines longitudinal and cross-sectional research methods.
The word "contingent" in the third paragraph probably means_____.
选项
A、dependent
B、consecutive
C、determined
D、continual
答案
A
解析
题目问:contingent是什么意思。在“Longitudinal studies,however,are expensive to conduct,time-consuming,and heavily contingent on the patience and persistence of the researchers,”contin-genton意为“视……而定,取决于”。各选项的意思是:dependent“由……决定的,随……而定的”;con-secutive“连续的;连贯的”;determined“坚决的,决定了的”;continual“连续的,持续不断的”。所以,答案是A。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/xHLO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Thechairmanofthecompanysaidthatnewtechniqueshad______improvedtheirproductionefficiency.
IntheUnitedStatesandinmanyothercountriesaroundtheworld,therearefourmainwaysforpeopletobe【1】aboutdevelopment
Sincetheearlynineties,thetrendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demand,always-availableproductsandservicesthatsu
Ifanymanheredoesnotagreewithme,heshould______hisownplanforimprovingthelivingconditionsofthesepeople.
ThehistoryofAfrican—Americansduringthepast400yearsistraditionallynarrated【1】anongoingstruggleagainst【2】andindiffe
Unlikemostsports,whichevolvedovertimefromstreetgames,basketballwasdesignedbyonemantosuitaparticularpurpose.
Wewereunabletoreachadecisionbecausewefeltthatthespeakerhadbeenandhadavoidedansweringmanyofourquestions.
Viewedfromastarinsomeothercornerofthegalaxy,Earthwouldbeaspeck,afaintbluedothiddenintheblazinglightofo
Thecells(电池)weredesignedto______sunshinetoelectricitytorunamotor.
Thepolicefoundsomestolen______hiddeninthethief’shouse.
随机试题
注射剂的检查项目有()
治疗淋病急性期和单纯性淋病首选
承担强制检定的机构应具备什么条件?
下列符合施工现场管理规定的行为有()。
账户结构的基本关系是()。
计划的写作特点是()
巴甫洛夫提出了气质的()
美国社会学家默顿将社会功能划分为显功能和潜功能两个层次。显功能是有助于系统的调整和适应的客观后果,这种适应和调整是系统中的参与者所期望达到或能预料、认识到的。潜功能是没有被预料也没有被认识的客观后果。下列选项不包含对潜功能描述的一项是()。
网络文学是指在互联网上发表和阅读的一种文学样式。它无需纸质印刷媒介和出版机构的中介与运作,运用电子超文本技术和网络进行创作并传播,具有最大限度的发表自由和个人创作空间。网络文学作品保留了文学的基本特性和价值,又具有信息时代的后现代文化精神倾向,还具有数字化
下列规范性法律文件中,属于地方性法规的是()。
最新回复
(
0
)