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  3. If they were just another product, the market would work its usual magic: supply would respond to high prices and rise to meet s

If they were just another product, the market would work its usual magic: supply would respond to high prices and rise to meet s

admin2022-09-06  35
问题     If they were just another product, the market would work its usual magic: supply would respond to high prices and rise to meet surging demand. But hu?man kidneys are no ordinary commodity. Trading them is banned in most countries. So supply depends largely on the charity of individuals. Unsurprising?ly, with altruism the only incentive, not enough people offer.
    Kidneys are the subject of a quietly growing global drama. As people in the rich world live longer and grow fatter, queues for kidneys are lengthening fast: at a rate of 7% a year in America, for exam?ple, where last year 4,039 people died waiting. Doctors are allowing older and more sluggish kidneys to be transplanted. Ailing, rich patients are buying kidneys from the poor and desperate in burgeoning black markets.
    In the face of all this, most countries are sticking with the worst of all policy options. Govern?ments place the burden on their citizens to volunteer organs. A few European countries, including Spain, manage to push up supply a bit by presuming citizens’ consent to having their organs transplant?ed when they die unless they specify otherwise.  Whether or not such presumed consent is morally right, it does not solve the supply problem, in Spain or elsewhere. On the other hand, if just 0.06% of healthy Americans aged between 19 and 65 parted with one kidney, the country would have no waiting list.
    The way to encourage this is to legalize the sale of kidneys. That’s what Iran has done. An offi?cially approved patients’ organization oversees the transactions. Donors get $2,000-4,000. The waiting list has been eliminated. Many people will find the very idea of individuals selling their organs repul?sive. Yet an organ market, in body parts of deceased people, already exists. Companies make millions out of it. It seems perverse, then, to exclude individuals.
    With proper regulation, a kidney market would be a big improvement on the current, sorry state of affairs. Sellers could be checked for disease and drug use, and cared for after operations. They could, for instance, receive health insurance as part of their payment—which would be cheap because proper?ly screened donors appear to live longer than the average Joe with two kidneys. Buyers would get bet?ter kidneys, faster. Both sellers and buyers would do better than in the illegal market, where much of the money goes to the middleman. Instinct often trumps logic. Sometimes that’s right. But in this case, the instinct that selling bits of oneself is wrong leads to many premature deaths and much suffering. The logical answer, in this case, is the humane one.
We can learn from the text that the author believes
选项 A、America will be the first country to solve the supply problem of human kidneys.
B、governments should make organ donations a compulsory act instead of a voluntary one.
C、it makes sense to stop individuals from selling organs because the idea is very repulsive.
D、the supply problem of human kidneys can be resolved with appropriate regulation.
答案D
解析 观点态度题。从全文主题以及最后一段第一句可以推断出作者的观点态度，即在管理得当的前提下肾脏交易问题可以得到解决。A项the first country未提及；B项a compulsory act推理过度；C项the idea is very repulsive由第四段末推断出，这仅仅是大多数人的观点，作者并不认同。
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