首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
It is sometimes said that there is no such thing as the so-called "scientific method"; there are only the methods used in scienc
It is sometimes said that there is no such thing as the so-called "scientific method"; there are only the methods used in scienc
admin
2013-01-20
29
问题
It is sometimes said that there is no such thing as the so-called "scientific method"; there are only the methods used in science. Nevertheless, it seems clear that there is often a special sequence of procedures which is involved in the establishment of the working principles of science. This sequence is as follows: (1) a problem is recognized, and as much information as appears to be relevant is collected; (2) a solution(i.e. a hypothesis) is proposed and the consequences arising out of this solution are deduced: (3) these deductions are tested by experiment, and as a result the hypothesis is accepted, modified or discarded.
As an illustration of this we can consider the discovery of air pressure. Over two thousand years ago, men discovered a method of raising water from one level to another by means of the vacuum pump. When, however, this machine passed into general use in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, it was not possible to raise water vertically more than about 35 feet. Why? Galileo, amongst others, recognized the problem, but failed to solve it.
The problem was then attacked by Torricelli. Analogizing(作类比推理) from the recently-discovered phenomenon of water-pressure, he postulated(假定) that a deep "sea of air" surrounded the earth; it was, he thought, the pressure of this sea of air that pushed on the surface’ of the water and caused it to rise in the vacuum tube of a pump. A hypothesis, then, was formed. The next step was to deduce the consequences of the hypothesis. Torricelli reasoned that this "air pressure" would be unable to push a liquid heavier than water as high as 35 feet, and that a column of mercury(水银), for example, which weighed about 14 times more than water, would rise to only a fourteenth of the height of water, i.e. approximately 2.5 feet. He then tested this deduction by means of the experiment we all know, and found that the mercury column measured the height predicted. The experiment therefore supported the hypothesis. A further inference was drawn by Pascal, who reasoned that if this "sea of air" existed, its pressure at the bottom(i.e. sea level) would be greater than its pressure further up, and that therefore the height of the mercury column would decrease in proportion to the height above sea-level. He then carried the mercury tube to the top of a mountain and observed that the column fell steadily as the height increased, while another mercury column at the bottom of the mountain remained steady. This further proof not only established Torricelli’s hypothesis more securely, but also demonstrated that, in some aspects, air behaved like water.
选项
A、To show that air behaves like water in some aspects.
B、To illustrate the special sequence of procedures involved in the establishment of the working laws of science.
C、To indicate that it was difficult to use scientific methods to solve the problem of vacuum pump.
D、To show how scientists make experiments to test their deductions.
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/xLu7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Atlastsheleftherhouseandgottotheairport,______(结果却看到飞机正在飞走).
Onmylastvisit,aboutthreemonthsago,mydoctorhadtoldmethatasa6-foot-tall,39-year-oldman,Ishouldweigharound18
Manygreatpeopleinhistoryareoften______(树立为值得学习的榜样).
A、Adogisbetterthanacatbecauseitneedsregularexercises.B、Morethanhalfofthe6,000peopleenjoygoodhealth.C、Peopl
A、Itishot,wetandcloudy.B、Itismild,wetandwindy.C、Itishot,rainyandfoggy.D、Itiswarm,wetandsunny.D短文中描述了热带雨林
PoorpeoplehaveIQ’ssignificantlylowerthanthoseofrichpeople.The【S1】______traditionalwisdomhasbeenthatthisisinla
IsHigherEducationaBubble?MycolleagueatDemocracyinAmericadrawsattentiontoanongoingdebateoverthenatureofh
A、Theywerebeinginsultedbytheoffer.B、Theyhadabetterwayofeducatingyoungmen.C、Theyknewmoreaboutsciencethanthe
HowExerciseMakesYouSmarterExercisedoesmorethanbuildmusclesandhelppreventheartdisease.Newscienceshowsthat
A、Iteliminatedmanyfactoryjobs.B、Itallowedworkerstolivefarfromtheirjobs:C、Itgaveworkersopportunityforbettertr
随机试题
少先队、共青团组织是学校()的主要途径。
交际是否等同于公共关系?简单说明一下。
A.脓血症B.菌血症C.毒血症D.革兰阳性菌败血症E.革兰阴性菌败血症突然寒战,发热呈间歇热
采用价值工程的方法是投资控制的纠偏措施的( )。
言语的特点包括()。
创造力是少数人的天赋。()
阅读材料,按要求完成设计。《义务教育生物学课程标准(2011年版)》关于“消化和吸收”具体内容要求是掌握人体消化系统的组成和功能,能够说出食物的消化和营养物质的吸收过程,同时理解小肠的结构与吸收功能相适应的特点。要求:根据“消化和吸收”的具体内容设
十八大的报告中论述:全面实施素质教育,深化教育领域综合改革,完善终身教育体系,建设学习型社会。加强教师队伍建设,提高师德水平和业务能力,增强教师教书育人的荣誉感。素质教育的时代特征是()。
(2015年真题)下列犯罪中,属于结果犯的是()。
A.条件(1)充分,但条件(2)不充分B.条件(2)充分,但条件(1)不充分C.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分D.条件(1)充分,条件(2)也充分E.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分,两个条件联合起来也不充分
最新回复
(
0
)