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  3. Naturalism believes that Which of the following concerning those who reject naturalism are true?

Naturalism believes that Which of the following concerning those who reject naturalism are true?

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问题 Naturalism believes that
Which of the following concerning those who reject naturalism are true?
选项 A、they accept some of the naturalists’ denials.
B、their retort on naturalism is too sharp to be convincing.
C、all their arguments against naturalism are not universal.
D、there exist mortal defects in their own arguments.
答案C
解析 本题问下列关于自然主义的反对者的描述哪项是正确的。由关键词"those who reject naturalism"可定位到第三段。第三段第三句谈到"But，in addition to particular arguments against naturalist tenets or their grounds of belief，some opponents...believe that there is a general argument..."，这表明他们的论证并不都具有普遍性。故"他们对自然主义的反对并不都具有普遍性"正确。请注意"all...not"是部分否定。实际上本选项是典型的反向思维，文中说反对自然主义的人有一些particular的观点，本项说并非所有的反对都是 universal的。两者是一个意思，要留意这种出题思路。他们赞成自然主义所做出的某些否定："They may have positive arguments for the existence of some of what naturalists deny..."表明他们(反对者)认为自然主义所否认存在的东西是存在的。请注意这里positive是相对于自然主义者所否认的事物，而不是认为自然主义的一些否定是正确的。这说明反对者并不赞成自然主义者所做出的否定。他们对自然主义的反驳太尖锐了，不能令人信服：第三段"They may have positive arguments...may have what seem to be decisive refutations...for naturalism."表明反对者的反驳是有说服力的；而且由第四段可知这些反对自然主义的人指出了自然主义自身存在的矛盾。他们自己的论据中有致命缺陷：是自然主义自身具有致命缺陷；文中并没有谈到那些反对者有致命缺陷。
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