首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Scientists are supposed to change their minds.【F1】Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective evalu
Scientists are supposed to change their minds.【F1】Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective evalu
admin
2013-08-15
25
问题
Scientists are supposed to change their minds.【F1】
Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective evaluation of empirical evidence, they are expected to willingly, even eagerly, abandon cherished beliefs when new evidence undermines them.
So it is remarkable that so few of the essays in a new book in which scientists answer the question in the title, "What Have You Changed Your Mind About?" express anything like this ideal.
Many of the changes of mind are just changes of opinion or an evolution of values. One contributor, a past supporter of manned spaceflight, now thinks it’s pointless, while another no longer has moral objections to cognitive enhancement through drugs. Other changes of mind have to do with broken predictions, such as that computer intelligence would soon rival humans’.【F2】
Rare, however, are changes of mind by scientists identified with either side of a controversial issue.
There is no one who rose to fame arguing that a disease is caused by sticky brain plaques and who has now been convinced by evidence that the plaques are mostly innocent bystanders, not crimes. But really, we shouldn’t be surprised.【F3】
Advocates of a particular viewpoint, especially if their reputation is based on the accuracy of that viewpoint, cling to it like a shipwrecked man to floats.
Studies that undermine that position, they say, are fatally flawed.
In truth, no study is perfect, so it would be crazy to abandon an elegant, well supported theory because one new finding undermines it.【F4】
But it’s fascinating how scientists with an intellectual stake in a particular side of a debate tend to see flaws in studies that undermine their dearly held views, and to interpret and even ignore "facts" to fit their views.
No wonder the historian Thomas Kuhn concluded almost 50 years ago that a scientific paradigm falls down only when the last of its powerful advocates dies. The few essays in which scientists do admit they were wrong—and about something central to their reputation therefore stand out.【F5】
Physicist Marcelo Gleiser of Dartmouth breaks ranks with almost every physicist since Einstein, and with his own younger self, in now doubting that the laws of nature can be unified in a single elegant formulation.
Gleiser has written dozens of papers proposing routes to the unification of gravity and quantum mechanics through everything from superstrings to extra dimensions, but now concedes that "all attempts so far have failed. " Unification may be esthetically appealing, but it’s not how nature works.
【F4】
选项
答案
但有趣的是,与某一争论的特定一方存在智力利害关系的科学家如何倾向于从动摇自己深信的观点的研究中发现破绽,并解释甚至忽略“事实”以使其符合自己的观点。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/xbO4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothetext?Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat
The"dawnofthedemocratizationoftheTVandfilmbusiness"probablymeans______.Samberg’ssolutionwasunconventionalbeca
Thesecondparagraphismeanttodemonstratethat______.CharlesClarkeasdescribedinthepassagewouldprobablyagreethat
Politicalcontroversyaboutthepublic-landpolicyoftheUnitedStatesbeganwiththeAmericaRevolution.(1)_____,evenbefore
Politicalcontroversyaboutthepublic-landpolicyoftheUnitedStatesbeganwiththeAmericaRevolution.(1)_____,evenbefore
Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、
Illiteracymaybeconsideredmoreasanabstractconceptthanacondition.WhenafamousEnglishwriterusedthe(1)_____overt
Illiteracymaybeconsideredmoreasanabstractconceptthanacondition.WhenafamousEnglishwriterusedthe(1)_____overt
Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems______(他们至今还没有答案).
Thebiggestdemonstrationinagenerationisbeingassembledbymobilizingthepoweroftheweb,whichallowsanti-wargroupsto
随机试题
以下选项中属于荀子礼法起源思想重要内容的是()
溃疡病急性穿孔非手术治疗期间最重要的护理措施是
患儿,女,6岁。近2个月来出现异食癖,喜食纸张,患儿缺乏的营养素是
世界卫生组织规定为青春期的年龄为
无吸收过程的给药方式有
肾结核多见于()。
治安行政管理工作的主要任务是预防、打击违法犯罪,查处治安案件,组织群众治安力量,维护社会治安秩序。()
钟医生:“通常,医学研究的重要成果在杂志发表之前需要经过匿名评审,这需要耗费不少时间。如果研究者能放弃这段等待时间而事先公开其成果,我们的公共卫生水平就可以伴随着医学发现更快获得提高。因为新医学信息的及时公布将允许人们利用这些信息提高他们的健康水平。”
查询尚未最后确定订购单的有关信息的正确命令是
【S1】【S7】
最新回复
(
0
)