首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Air pollution exists not only outdoor, but also indoor. It has great effects on people, and there are many measures taken to cor
Air pollution exists not only outdoor, but also indoor. It has great effects on people, and there are many measures taken to cor
admin
2011-01-02
57
问题
Air pollution exists not only outdoor, but also indoor. It has great effects on people, and there are many measures taken to correct the problem.
Ⅰ. Effects of air pollution
1)Different groups of individuals are affected by air pollution in different ways.
— Some individuals are more【1】______ to pollutants.
— Young children and elderly people suffer more.
— People with【2】______ suffer more.
2)The extent of air pollution effects on individuals depends on【3】______ to the damaging
chemicals.
3)Short-term effects
—【4】______ to the eyes, nose and throat
— upper respiratory infections
— headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions
4)Long-term effects
— chronic respiratory disease
— lung cancer
— heart disease
— damage to the brain, nerves, lives or kidneys
Ⅱ. Measure taken to control air pollution
1)The first step: assessment
— investigate outdoor air pollution
— develop standards for measuring the type and【5】______ of some air pollutants
— determine how much exposure to pollutants is【6】______
2)Steps to reduce exposure to air pollution
— outdoor air pollution
regulation of man-made pollution through【7】______ , which is usually done through a variety of【8】______ that monitor the air and the environment
prevention through regulation, and through personal, careful attention to【9】______ with the environment
— indoor air pollution
【10】______ to be reviewed for potential harmful effects
adequate ventilation
smoking to be restricted
【6】
Jazz
Jazz began in the early 20th century as a music of black Americans. It was intended for singing, dancing, and also for entertainment and atmosphere at parties or social gatherings.
The origin of the word "jazz" is not known, but the term came into common use after the first phonograph records of Jazz were made in 1917. Jazz represents a blending of musical elements from Africa and from Europe. Jazz uses some European ideas of harmony and melody, but the rhythms are more African in origin. It is usually said to be "syncopated", that is, it is irregular in rhythm. Besides this, there are many other rhythms in a piece of Jazz music around one basic rhythm. That is to say, it is polyrhythmic. Another important feature of jazz is improvisation. To improvise means to make something up on the impulse of the moment. This is the way jazz is usually played. Jazz musicians have learned to improvise so well that they can make up excellent melodies as they play. A good jazz soloist seldom plays anything the same way twice. Thus, listening to jazz is not like hearing a piece of music that was written long ago. It is like being there when the music is first being made.
A major step in the development of jazz was taken by the players in New Orleans. New Orleans jazz, sometimes called Dixieland, was a mixture of different elements. It had the deep emotion of American blues and Negro spiritual, as well as elements of European folk music. The New Orleans style involved improvising that was sometimes complex. Often seven or eight players would improvise at the same time. But the most notable new feature of New Orleans jazz was its more complicated rhythm.
In the 1940’s a new approach to jazz began to develop. It had been implied in the playing of Lester Young with the Count Basle band. Another important influence on early modern jazz was guitarist Charlie Christian, who. was strongly influenced by Lester Young. At first the new jazz was called bebop, and later, modern jazz. Many of the musical ideas of modern jazz were worked out at gatherings in which the players performed for their own amusement and instruction. Jazz musicians called these gatherings jam sessions. Modern jazz was more complex in harmony and melody than earlier styles of jazz. But a most outstanding feature was its new approach to rhythm. Not only did the players use new rhythms in making their melodies, but the drummers played in a more complex way.
By the late 1950’s many concert pieces had been written that included parts for jazz improvisation. These pieces usually took the form of a classical concerto with the jazzmen as soloists. Such works are referred to as parts of a "third stream" of music, the first two "!streams" of course being classical music and jazz.
Since the modern jazz of the 1940’s and 1950’s, jazz has taken another step in its development. This new development is something called "the new thing," or "free jazz." As in earlier major developments in jazz, "free jazz" is characterized by new freshness of rhythm. A whole group of players may change the tempo, or speed, of a piece several times during a performance without planning to do so beforehand. But this does not mean that the music is disorganized.
Now we can see that important changes in the development of jazz always include new. ideas of rhythm. The rhythm of New Orleans jazz was new, and so were the rhythm of modern jazz and free jazz. Louis Armstrong and Charlie Parker also brought new ideas of rhythm to jazz. Each style of jazz also had new ways of making melodies, new uses of harmony, and new ways of expressing emotion. Whenever a great player, such as Armstrong or Parker, appears, other players absorb his ideas. Each man then tries to develop those ideas in his own music, in his own way.
On its way of development, jazz has produced some of America’s leading singers, instrumentalists, and composers, It is continuing to develop. Today, jazz is considered by many to be America’s art music. It has also influenced almost every other kind of music in America, Europe and even the Orient.
选项
答案
improvise
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/xneO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
A、Rome’sLaRepublic.B、TheFrench-languageSwissdaily24Hems.C、ARussiandaily.D、BritishtabloidtheDallyMirror.B
A、BecauseoftheClinton’sscandal.B、BecauseoftheBallotdebacle.C、Becauseofthedemocracy.D、BecauseBushwillbethepres
1 Insomniaisunderappreciated.2 Manypeoplewouldratheradmittotheirfetishesandcontagiousrashesthanconfesstoinsom
1 Divorceisoneofthosecreations,likefastfoodandliterock.thathavemorepeoplewillingtoindulgeinitthanpeoplewi
Asignificantnumberofpeopleseektoadoptchildrenfromothercountries,aprocessknownasinternationaladoption.Peoplese
Becausecollegesanduniversitiesperformsuchawidevarietyofroles,someeducatorscomplainthattheirinstitutionsareexpe
1 Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedas
加入世贸组织,是中国对外开放的新起点。我们将在更大范围和更深程度上参与国际经济合作与竞争。中国将进一步向亚洲和世界开放,向各国的企业家、投资者开放。我们恪守入世承诺,有步骤地扩大开放领域,降低关税水平,取消非关税壁垒。我们也将不断完善法治,创造更加公平.透
随机试题
2016年第一季度.我国出口纺织纱线织物及制品、服装及衣着附件、家具及其零件、箱包及类似容器、鞋类、塑料制品、玩具等7大类传统劳动密集型产品(以下简称“传统劳动密集型产品”)共计6225亿元,比去年同期下降1%(同期全国外贸出口总值降幅为4.2%),占同期
简述遗忘的规律以及遗忘原因的衰退说。
工程测量的内容包括平面控制测量。()等。
法国A公司是国际知名的电气跨国公司,十年前通过设立中国分公司进入中国市场。针对中国成为世界加工厂和世界经济的有力推动者之一的趋势不断加强,A公司开始着手研究在中国的发展战略。经过十年充分的战略情报研究和战略保障准备,从2005年开始在中国实施并购。
因审计项目组成员的其他近亲属在审计客户中拥有直接经济利益所产生的不利影响是否严重,主要取决于下列()因素。
毛泽东第一次提出“马克思列宁主义理论和中国革命的实践相结合”这个根本思想原则的著作是()。
在数据库系统中,下列哪个映像关系用于提供数据与应用程序间的逻辑独立性______。A)外模式/模式B)模式/内模式C)外模式/内模式D)逻辑模式/内模式
下列叙述中正确的是()。
PlanningtheStart-up?SeizetheDay…Executiveswhosaythey’dlovetoleavethebattleshiptoskipperanimblestart-upfa
LovewasintheairinaTokyoparkasnormallystaidJapanesehusbandsgatheredtoscreamouttheirfeelingsfortheirwives,p
最新回复
(
0
)