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  3. 【F1】 Polls, including one carried out in four large countries by the Kaiser Family Foundation, an American think-tank, and The E

【F1】 Polls, including one carried out in four large countries by the Kaiser Family Foundation, an American think-tank, and The E

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问题      【F1】 Polls, including one carried out in four large countries by the Kaiser Family Foundation, an American think-tank, and The Economist, find that most people in good health hope that, when the time comes, they will die at home. And few, when asked about their hopes for their final days, say that their priority is to live as long as possible. Rather, they want to die free from pain, at peace, and surrounded by loved ones for whom they are not a burden.
    Some deaths are unavoidably miserable. Not everyone will be in a condition to toast death’s imminence with champagne, as Anton Chekhov did. What people say they will want while they are well may change as the end nears (one reason why doctors are sceptical about the instructions set out in "living wills" ). Dying at home is less appealing if all the medical kit is at the hospital. 【F2】 A treatment that is unbearable in the imagination can seem like the lesser of two evils when the alternative is death. Some patients will want to fight until all hope is lost.
    【F3】 But too often patients receive drastic treatment in spite of their dying wishes—by default, when doctors do "everything possible", as they have been trained to, without talking through people’s preferences or ensuring that the prognosis is clearly understood. Just a third of American patients with terminal cancer are asked about their goals at the end of life, for example whether they wish to attend a special event.
    【F4】 This newspaper has called for the legalisation of doctor-assisted dying, so that mentally fit, terminally ill patients can be helped to end their lives if that is their wish. But the right to die is just one part of better care at the end of life. The evidence suggests that most people want this option, but that few would, in the end, choose to exercise it. To give people the death they say they want, medicine should take some simple steps.
    More palliative care is needed. This neglected branch of medicine deals with the relief of pain and other symptoms, such as breathlessness, as well as counselling for the terminally ill. 【F5】 Until recently it was often dismissed as barely medicine at all; mere tea and sympathy when all hope has gone. Even in Britain, where the hospice movement began, access to palliative care is patchy. Recent studies have shown how wrongheaded that is. Providing it earlier in the course of advanced cancer alongside the usual treatments turns out not only to reduce suffering, but to prolong life, too.
【F2】
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答案当面临死亡和生存两者抉择时，想象中难以忍受的治疗似乎也不那么可怕了。
解析 本句为复合句。本句主干为A treatment…can seem like the lesser of two evils。that引导的为定语从句，修饰先行词treatment；when引导的为时间状语从句，其主干为the alternative is death。本句中的the lesser of two evils译为“也不那么可怕了”，采取了意译的翻译策略。意译（free translation；paraphrase；liberal translation）是指根据原文的大意来翻译，不作逐字逐句的翻译（区别于“直译”）。通常在翻译句子或词组（或更大的意群）时使用较多，意译主要在原语与译语体现巨大文化差异的情况下得以应用。从跨文化语言交际和文化交流的角度来看，意译强调的是译语文化体系和原语文化体系的相对独立性。大量的实例说明，意译的使用体现出不同语言民族在生态文化、语言文化、宗教文化、物质文化和社会文化等诸多方面的差异性。意译更能够体现出本民族的语言特征。
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