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  3. Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The

Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The

admin2011-03-11  19
问题     Young girls at high risk for depression appear to have a malfunctioning reward system in their brains, a new study suggests. The finding comes from research that【1】a high-risk group of 13 girls, aged 10 to 14, who were not depressed but had mothers who【2】recurrent depression and a low-risk group of 13 girls with no【3】or family history of depression. Both groups were given MRI brain【4】while completing a task that could【5】either reward or punishment.
【6】with girls in the low-risk group, those in the high-risk group had【7】neural responses during both anticipation and receipt of the reward.【8】, the high-risk girls showed no【9】in an area of the brain called the dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (背侧前扣带皮质), believed to play a role in【10】past experiences to assist learning.
    The high-risk girls did have greater activation of this brain area【11】receiving punishment, compared with the other girls. The researchers said that this suggests that high-risk girls have easier time【12】information about loss and punishment than information about reward and pleasure.
    "Considered together with reduced activation in the striatal (纹状体的) areas commonly observed【13】reward, it seems that the reward-processing system is critically【14】in daughters who are at elevated risk for depression,【15】they have not yet experienced a depressive【16】," wrote Ian H. Gotlib, of Stanford University, and his colleagues. "【17】, longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the anomalous activations【18】in this study during the processing of【19】and losses are associated with the【20】onset of depression," they concluded. The study was published in the April of the Archives of General Psychiatry.
选项 A、Directly
B、Hardly
C、Specifically
D、Initially
答案C
解析 根据上题中对本句的句意分析可知，本句是进一步说明结果的具体情况，表示进一步说明的只有[C] Specifically。[A] Directly一般不单独使用，而是用在句中修饰动词或形容词，用法举例：We went directly to the factory．我们直接就到工厂去了。[B] Hardly也不单独使用，一般置于句首，后面句子须采用倒装形式，用法举例：Hardly could I believe the news．我几乎不能相信这个消息。[D] Initially可以单独使用，也可以放在句中，用法举例：Initially，one has nothing，but a fantastic dream and confidence based on air．最初拥有的只是梦想，以及毫无根据的自信。但是本段中没有出现时间先后问题，所以排除[D]。  
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