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  3. Culture is a term for which it is very difficult to give a precise meaning. The word means so many different things to differen

Culture is a term for which it is very difficult to give a precise meaning. The word means so many different things to differen

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问题     Culture is a term for which it is very difficult to give a precise meaning.  The word means so many different things to different people, so devising a single 【C1】_________(accept) definition is more problematic than maybe first thought. The idea of culture as something shared is inherently complex. Even people neighbouring each other, or sharing a common language, or possessing certain common core values may actually have as many differences as 【C2】_________ (similar).

    Anthropologists have proposed over one hundred different definitions. A number of these are variations on the idea that culture consists of "shared patterns of behaviour" as may be observed by the researcher. This is the definition put 【C3】_________ by Margaret Mead, for example, in her study of indigenous rituals in Samoa. This kind of definition, however, does not take account of the fact that studying culture is not just a question of 【C4】obs _________. It also involves studying the meaning of this observed behaviour.
    Accordingly, other anthropologists, like  Max  Weber, speak  of culture as 【C5】_________(consist) of systems of shared meaning. As he puts it, "man is an animal suspended in webs of significance he himself has spun". Similarly, Claude Levi-Strauss also speaks of culture as a product of the implicit beliefs which underlie it. The problem with this approach is that the meaning of cultural behaviour is not always easy to establish. Explanations may be offered up to a point, but the  【C6】_________ (underlie) assumptions often remain obscure.  Indeed, they are often not understood by insiders. As Chris Argyris and Donald Schon point out, what people say to explain their cultural behaviour and what really drives this behaviour are often widely different. The search for meaning can therefore be a long and painstaking process, involving long periods of observation and interviews in order to build possible theories.
    While there are some cultures which have remained 【C7】iso _________for long periods of time, many others have built up commercial links with other groups. 【C8】Eve_________, this may cause adopting elements of the other group’s rituals and behaviour which then become integrated into those of the original group. Some cultures have clashed with less powerful neighbours only to find that over time their culture became heavily influenced by these subordinates, like the Romans by the Creeks. In this way, the original meaning of an aspect of cultural behaviour may be lost in history and may 【C9】_________(origin) have been part of a belief system very different from that which prevails in the culture today. This dynamism is, perhaps, the major reason why researching the meaning 【C10】be _________cultural behaviour is far from easy.
【C4】
选项
答案observation
解析 句意：然而，这种定义并没有考虑到研究文化不仅仅是一个观察的问题这一事实。分析句子结构可知，空格前为介词of，空格处应填名词。结合句意及所给字母obs-可知，空格处应填observation，意为“观察，观测，监视”。故空格处应填observation。
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大学生英语竞赛（NECCS）

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