首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological analysis contends that minority business ownership is
In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological analysis contends that minority business ownership is
admin
2013-11-29
24
问题
In contrast to traditional analyses of minority business, the sociological analysis contends that minority business ownership is a group-level phenomenon, in that it is largely dependent upon socialgroup resources for its development. Specifically, this analysis indicates that support networks play a critical role in starting and maintaining minority business enterprises by providing owners with a range of assistance, from the informal encouragement of family members and friends to dependable sources of labor and clientele from the owner’s ethnic group. Such self-help networks, which encourage and support ethnic minority entrepreneurs, consist of "primary" institutions, those closest to the individual in shaping his behavior and beliefs. They are characterized by the face-to-face association and cooperation of persons united by ties of mutual concern. They form an intermediate social level between the individual and larger "secondary" institutions based on impersonal relationships. Primary institutions comprising the support network include kinship, peer, and neighborhood or community subgroups.
A major function of self-help networks is financial support. Most scholars agree that minority business owners have depended primarily on family funds and ethnic community resources for investment capital. Personal savings have been accumulated often through frugal living habits that require sacrifices by the entire family and are thus a product of long-term family financial behavior. Additional loans and gifts from relatives forthcoming because of group obligation rather than narrow investment calculation, have supplemented personal savings. Individual entrepreneurs do not necessarily rely on their kin because they cannot obtain financial backing from commercial resources. They may actually avoid banks because they assume that commercial institutions either cannot comprehend the special needs of minority enterprise or charge unreasonably high interest rates.
Within the larger ethnic community, rotating credit associations have been used to raise capital. These associations arc informal clubs of friends and other trusted members of the ethnic group who make regular contributions to a fund that is given to each contributor in rotation. One author estimates that 40 percent of New York Chinatown firms established during 1900-1950 utilized such associations as their initial source of capital. However, recent immigrants and third or fourth generations of older groups now employ rotating credit associations only occasionally to raise investment funds. Some groups like Black Americans, found other means of financial support for their entrepreneurial efforts. The first Black-operated banks were created in the late nineteenth century as depositories for dues collected from fraternal or lodge groups, which themselves had sprung from Black churches. Black banks made limited investments in other Black enterprises. Irish immigrants in American cities organized many building and loan associations to provide capital for home construction and purchase. They in turn, provided work for many Irish home-building contractor firms. Other ethnic and minority groups followed similar practices in founding ethnic-directed financial institutions.
According to the passage, once a minority owned business is established, self-help networks contribute which of the following to that business?
选项
A、Information regarding possible expansion of the business into nearby communities.
B、Encouragement of a business climate that is nearly free of direct competition.
C、Opportunities for the business owner to reinvest profits in other minority owned businesses.
D、Contact with people who are likely to be customers of the new business.
答案
D
解析
该题问:当少数民族企业建立时,互助网可以怎样帮助它?A项意为“向邻近团体扩展商业的信息”,在本文中并没有提及。B项意为“对一个自由竞争的商业气氛的鼓励”,在本文中并没有提及。C项意为“给企业主在别的少数民族身上赢利的机会”,在本文中也没有提及。D项意为“帮助联系有可能成为潜在客户的人”。在本文的第一段可以找到线索:...to dependable sources of labor and clientele from the owner’s ethnic group。因此D项为正确选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/yNZO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Severalyearsago,webeganconstructiononanewchurchbuilding.Inthebeginning,theworkmendugabigpitintheground
Changesinclimatethathadalreadytakenplacearemanifested(1)______fromthedecreaseinextentandthicknessofArcticsea
______istheforerunnerofthefeminismandthefeminismliterary.
Thehomeofgolfis______wherethegamehasbeenplayedsincethe17thcentury.
TheodoreDreiserisoneofAmerica’sgreatest______writers.
ThewhitepopulationofthenewUnitedStatesdidnotstretchfarbeyondtheeasternseaboarduntilthe19thcentury.TheBritis
Shynessisconsideredapersonalitytrait,notapsychologicalconditionordisorder,andithasvaryingdegrees.Butsevereshy
谎言三叶草人总是要说谎的,谁要是说自己不说谎,这就是一个彻头彻尾的谎言。有的人一生都在说谎,他的存在就是一个谎言。有的人偶尔说谎,除了他自己,没有人知道这是一个谎言。谎言在某些时候只是说话人的善良愿望,只要不害人,说说也无妨。在我心灵深
Inhispoems,WaltWhitmanisinnovativeinthetermsoftheformofhispoetry,whichiscalled"______."
TheU.S.Constitutionprovidesthatthe______shallbePresidentoftheSenate.
随机试题
平静呼吸时于下列哪种情况下,肺内压低于大气压()
A.1次/年B.1次/2年C.1次/3年D.1次/1~2年E.1次/1~3年18岁以上成年人既往血压在130/85mmHg以下者,检查血压的频率是
某患者近日感受风热之邪,咽喉肿痛,头痛面赤,常以荆芥、桑叶、木贼等配伍
男性,68岁,以往性格内向,近1年来出现睡眠减少,爱管闲事,整日忙碌,兴高采烈,喜欢穿红色外衣,夸耀自己有用不完的财富,并称第三世界的贫民都是他救济的,脾气暴躁,狂妄自大,若不附和其观点即出现毁物甚至攻击行为。体检血压轻度升高,有慢性支气管炎病史10年余,
电缆单盘检验的主要项目有()。
下列指数中,属于个体指数的是()。
土地增值税由( )征收。
当前我国具有综合性审批控制职能的组织系统是()。
若保持各自的增长速度不变,金融业的全国城镇投资额超过教育业的时间可能在()年之后。
GetEnoughSleep—orElse!Agoodnight’ssleepismoreimportanttoyourhealththanyoumayrealize.[A]MeganJoneskne
最新回复
(
0
)