首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
If ideas can symbolize the spirit of an age, then the symbol of the recent applied linguistic age is undoubtedly "language acqui
If ideas can symbolize the spirit of an age, then the symbol of the recent applied linguistic age is undoubtedly "language acqui
admin
2022-10-28
36
问题
If ideas can symbolize the spirit of an age, then the symbol of the recent applied linguistic age is undoubtedly "language acquisition". But what does this term mean? What exactly is "language acquisition"? For the moment we may characterize it as the process by which individuals "pick up" a language through exposure to it. There are two immediately obvious sorts of language acquisition. The first is LI (first language) acquisition, which every normal child manages at an early age. The second is FL (foreign language) acquisition where someone, a child or an adult, picks up a language, for example, while they are living in a target language country.
Chomsky’s ideas stimulated the interest in L1 (and, indirectly, FL) acquisition that there has been over the past few decades. For him, LI acquisition is a conundrum, even a miracle. The big question is: how is it that the very young child, so poorly developed in many areas, is able to learn the rudiments of their native language so quickly and so successfully? Chomsky’s answer was that the individual has a machine in the head, an LAD (Language Acquisition Device), that does the job for them.
The words "quickly and successfully" hold the key to one of the main reasons why applied linguists are interested in the acquisition idea. In an important article that appeared in 1968, Newmark and Reibel make the point that LI acquisition is the quickest and most successful instance of language mastery that we know of. Since this is so, we might do well to study in some detail what is known about the LI acquisition situation. What does the child do that makes acquisition so quick and successful? How do the adults who talk to the child behave? What assistance do they give to the acquisition process? What are the important aspects of the acquisition environment? Notice that though one of these questions is about the "organism", the others are about the "environment". This indicates that we are prepared to consider a role for the latter beyond that suggested by Chomsky.
The applied linguist Stephen Krashen is one of those largely responsible for interest in foreign language acquisition. In fact he argues that there are two quite distinct ways of mastering an FL, and he calls these acquisitions and learning. Acquisition first: he describes this process as a "natural", subconscious one, where there is no "conscious focusing on linguistic forms"(of the sort that you find in most classrooms). It is what we have already informally called the process of "picking up" a language, just as you do if you go and live in the target language environment. Indeed Krashen says that the minimal condition for acquisition to occur is "participation in natural communication situations".
Learning, on the other hand, is a conscious process, and it usually takes place in the language classroom. For Krashen it is particularly marked by two characteristics. Firstly, there is error correction. When learners make mistakes, it is normal for the classroom teacher to draw explicit attention to them, and to correct the errors. The second characteristic is what Krashen calls rule isolation. In the language teaching classroom it is normal for a lesson (or part thereof) to focus on one language point. It may be a grammatical item like a particular tense, or a pronunciation point, or some "rule of use". The word isolation indicates that in this procedure language points are dealt with one by one.
According to Chomsky, what enables a very young child to learn the mother tongue quickly and successfully?
选项
答案
The language acquisition device(LAD)In their head.
解析
新文章第二段最后两句提到“乔姆斯基认为,个人头脑中有个被称为语言习得设备的机器,这个机器帮助很小的儿童快速且成功地习得母语”,由此可知本题答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/yTSD777K
本试题收录于:
C类竞赛(非英语专业本科)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
C类竞赛(非英语专业本科)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
Oneoftheliveliestdebatesinlinguisticsisoverwhetheralllanguagessharefundamentalproperties.Ifso,perhapslanguage
Forty-threepercentofAmericanssaytheyaretootiredtofunction.So,somemornings,youmighteven【C1】________stayinginbed
TheUnitedStatesiswidelyrecognizedtohaveaprivateeconomybecauseprivatelyownedbusinessesplay【C1】________roles.TheA
Generallyspeaking,aBritishiswidelyregardedasaquiet,shyandconservativepersonwhois【C1】________onlyamongthosewith
A)Somearchaeologicalsiteshavealwaysbeeneasilyobservable—forexample,theParthenoninAthens,Greece;thepyramidsofG
FieldsacrossEuropearecontaminatedwithdangerouslevelsoftheantibioticsgiventofarmanimals.Thedrugs,whichareinma
Mobilephonesshouldcarryalabeliftheyprovedtobeadangeroussourceofradiation,accordingtoRobertBell,ascientist.
SowhyisGooglesuddenlysointerestedinrobots?That’sthequestioneveryone’saskingafteritemergedthismonththatthein
SowhyisGooglesuddenlysointerestedinrobots?That’sthequestioneveryone’saskingafteritemergedthismonththatthein
Whichpassage(s)say(s)that….adultsputtoomuchemphasisonchildren’sintellectualdevelopment?
随机试题
A、脾阳虚带下B、肾阳虚带下C、湿热下注带下D、热毒蕴结带下E、阴虚夹热带下带下量多,绵绵不断,质清稀如水。多属
A.《纽伦堡法典》B.《赫尔辛基宣言》C.《希波克拉底誓言》D.《大医精诚》E.《伤寒杂病论》西方最早的经典医德文献是
属于吡唑烷酮类的药物是
根据《信访条例》规定,下面关于信访程序规定的说法错误的是:()
施工单位的施工组织设计和技术措施应由()审查。
先前的思维活动所形成的解决问题的方法成为了解决当前问题的一种心理准备状态,这种准备状态称为_____。
一、注意事项1.申论考试是对考生阅读理解能力、综合分析能力、提出和解决问题能力、文字表达能力的测试。2.本试卷由给定资料与作答要求两部分构成。考试时限为150分钟。其中,阅读给定资料参考时限为40分钟,作答参考时限为110分钟。满分100分
若f(-x)=f(x)(-∞
在图形显示系统的类层次结构中,类Shape定义了“图形”所具有的公有方法:display(),并将其声明为抽象方法:类Line是Shape的子类。则下列说法中正确的是1._____。若类Line正确继承了Shape类,并定义了方法display(i
Peoplecouldeatmorecocoa-richproductssuchasdarkchocolatebutnotdrinkteaiftheywanttolowertheirbloodpressure,G
最新回复
(
0
)