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  3. At the height of the Dutch golden age, merchants exported their goods and their families to colonies on four continents. Four ce

At the height of the Dutch golden age, merchants exported their goods and their families to colonies on four continents. Four ce

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问题     At the height of the Dutch golden age, merchants exported their goods and their families to colonies on four continents. Four centuries later their descendants are less impressed by such adventuring. A new law proposed by the Dutch government aims not only to limit dual nationality among immigrants but also to make it easier for the authorities to strip members of the 850,000-plus Dutch diaspora of their nationality, should they secure a second citizenship abroad.
    Guus Bosman, a Dutchman living in Washington, DC, calls the proposal "mean-spirited". Eelco Keij, a Dutch citizen in New York and one of the loudest critics of his government’s proposals, thinks that these days dual nationality is no more than "a harmless side-effect of globalization".
    By seeking to toughen its nationality laws, the Netherlands is bucking a global trend. Other governments have increasingly abandoned such policies. In 2008 the Migration Policy Institute, a think-tank, found that almost half the world’s countries tolerate dual nationality in some form. Armenia, Ghana, the Philippines, Kenya, Uganda and South Korea are all recent reformers. Haiti and Tanzania have new laws in preparation. Even Denmark, which places strict restrictions on citizenship, is mulling a change.
    The idea that it is possible, let alone desirable, to allow multiple citizenship is relatively recent. In 1849 George Bancroft, an American historian and diplomat, said that for a man to have two countries was as intolerable as for him to have two wives. In 1930 the League of Nations proclaimed that "every person should have a nationality and should have one nationality only". A treaty in Europe required countries to limit dual citizenship, until it lapsed in the 1990s. Immigrants have commonly had to renounce their old citizenship when taking on a new one; the countries that they left have often disowned emigrants naturalized abroad. These practices were intended in part to preserve the sacredness of citizenship, but they have also been aimed at closing loopholes that might allow migrants to escape taxes or conscription.
    One reason for more liberalization is practicality: dual nationality has become harder to control. Increased migration and rising numbers of cross-border marriages mean that ever more children are born to multinational families. The number of Dutch citizens holding a second nationality, for instance, almost tripled to 1. 2m between 1995 and 2010, with newborns accounting for a significant share of the growth. Governments could once force women to take only their husband’s nationality, says Maarten Vink of Maastricht University. In an era of sexual equality such policies are untenable.
    Governments that take in many immigrants also see benefits from allowing them to keep their old passports. Research suggests that immigrants who do not fear losing their existing nationality are more likely to pursue naturalization in their adopted countries—and subsequently more likely to integrate than those who maintain long-term residence as aliens.
One of the advantages of dual nationality is to
选项 A、increase the birth rate in the adopted countries.
B、motivate immigrants to pursue their dreams.
C、reduce the mobility of new immigrants.
D、enable immigrants to adapt to the new country.
答案D
解析 细节题。由advantages定位至末段，该段首句提到benefits，为同义替换。第二句指出允许双重国籍带来的好处：新移民更可能融人到移入的国家，故[D]为答案。倒数第二段第三句提到“…with newborns accountingfor a significant share of the growth”，但这并非是有双重国籍的好处，排除[A]；文中没有提到移民流动性问题，排除[C]；[B]是针对末段末句设置的干扰项，该句是指移民归化问题，不是追寻梦想问题，排除。
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