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  3. There is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people. In one week following the infamous "peasouper" fog i

There is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people. In one week following the infamous "peasouper" fog i

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问题    There is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people. In one week following the infamous "peasouper" fog in December 1952, 4,700 people died in London. Most of these people were elderly and already had heart or lung diseases. A series of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal.
   Fortunately the effect of smog on the lungs is not so dramatic. Scientists have now conducted a number of laboratory experiments in which volunteers are exposed to ozone inside a steel chamber for a few hours. Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function, an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation (发炎) . Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma (哮喘) and other lung diseases, these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects. Similar changes are also seen after exposure to nitrogen dioxide, although there is some disagreement about the concentration at which they occur.
   Other studies have found that people living in areas with high levels of pollution have more symptoms and worse lung function than those living in areas with clean air. Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone. There is also a relationship between ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma, both in North America and Australia. It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis (支气管炎) and emphysema (肺气肿), but this has yet to be proven.
   Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities. The reason for this association is not understood and as vet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia. However, we do know that hazy days are associated with more asthma attacks in children.
Which of the following is NOT the result of laboratory experiments?
选项 A、Low concentrations
B、Fall in lung function
C、Irritability of the lungs
D、Air way inflammation
答案A
解析 选择依据是原文第二段这样一句话：Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function，an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation(发炎)．从中可以看出，B、C、D选项都是laboratory experiments的结果之一；但是low concentration只是实验的条件之一；换言之，一方面，low concentration不是实验结果，而是实验条件；另一方面，low concentration不是惟一的实验条件，而只是实验条件之一(可能还有high concentration等实验条件存在)。
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