2. 考研
  3. The American mathematician Norbert Wiener first gave common use to the word " cybernetics"(from the Greek word for "steersman" ,

The American mathematician Norbert Wiener first gave common use to the word " cybernetics"(from the Greek word for "steersman" ,

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问题 The American mathematician Norbert Wiener first gave common use to the word " cybernetics"(from the Greek word for "steersman" , "kubernetes"), to describe that branch of study which is concerned with self-regulating systems of communication and control in living organisms and machines. The derivation seems apt, since the primary function of many cybernetic systems is to steer an optimum course through changing conditions towards a predetermined goal.
We know from long experience that stable objects are those with broad bases and with most of their mass centred low, yet we seldom marvel at our own remarkable ability to stand up right, supported only by our jointed legs and narrow feet. To stay erect even when pushed, or when the surface beneath us moves, as on a ship or a bus; to be able to walk or run over rough ground without falling; to keep cool when it is hot or vice versa, are examples of cybernetic processes and of properties exclusive to living things and to highly automated machines.
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答案 美国数学家诺伯特.维纳是第一个将“控制论”(“cybemetics”一词来源于希腊文“kubemetes”，表示“掌舵人”)一词变为用来描述有关生物体和机器通信与控制自我调节系统研究方面常用词的人。这样的派生词看起来似乎无可厚非，因为许多控制论系统的主要功能是在不断变化的条件下为实现预定的目标制造出一条最佳路线。 从历来的经验中，我们知道稳定的物体是指那些基部宽阔，且大部分质量集中于下方的物体，但我们很少因为人类拥有仅靠相连的一双腿和窄小的双脚便能笔直站立这样的非凡能力而惊叹不已。甚至在被推时，或者在船上或在公交车上脚下表面移动时，我们依然能够稳稳地保持直立。我们能在崎岖的地面上行走或奔跑，不会倒下来；当天气或冷或热时保持冷静，反之亦然；这些都极好地展现了控制论的进程与生物及高度自动化机械特有的性能。
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