首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Disease is a fluid concept influenced by societal and cultural attitudes that change diachronically in response to new sc
Disease is a fluid concept influenced by societal and cultural attitudes that change diachronically in response to new sc
admin
2011-01-17
49
问题
Disease is a fluid concept influenced by societal and cultural attitudes that
change diachronically in response to new scientific and medical discoveries.
Historically, doctors defined a disease according to a cluster of symptoms, and
Line as their clinical descriptions became more sophisticated, they started to classify
(5) diseases into separate groups, so that from this medical taxonomy came new
insights into disease etiology. Before the 20th century, schizophrenia and
syphilitic insanity were treated as the same disease, but by early 1900 it became
evident that psychoses without associated dementia represented a separate
disease for which the term schizophrenia was then coined. The definition of
(10) schizophrenia continues to evolve from the psychiatric disease of the 1960s to an
illness with a suspected genetic etiology, though the existence of such an
etiology remains uncertain. While an optimistic hunt is still on for the genes
involved, we must continue to define schizophrenia in terms of the presence or
absence of "positive" and "negative" symptoms.
(15) Labeling someone as diseased, however, has enormous individual, social,
financial, and physical implications, for irrespective of disease symptoms, the
label itself may lead to significant distress. Individuals with asymptomatic
conditions, including genetic variations, may be perceived by themselves or
others as having a disease. It is not that labeling someone as diseased is always
(20) positive-it does have severe ramifications, affecting decisions to have children
or resulting in unjust treatment by life, medical, and disability insurers-but it
can be beneficial, legitimizing symptoms, clarifying issues of personal
responsibility, and improving accessibility to health care. Nevertheless,
deviations from normal that are not associated with risk should not be
(25) considered synonymous with disease. Two schools—nominalist and essentialist
or reductionist—have debated the clinical criteria used to label a patient as
diseased. Nominalists label symptoms with a disease name, such as
schizophrenia, and do not offer an explanation of the underlying etiology, while
essentialists contend that for every disease there is an underlying pathological
(30) etiology, and now argue that the essential lesion defining the disease state is a
genetic abnormality.
It has been suggested that diseases defined according to the essentialist
tradition may be precisely wrong, whereas those defined in the nominalist
traditional may be roughly accurate. But in labeling a disease state, we must
(35) consider both the phenotype (symptoms) or the genotype (genetic
abnormality), for the former describes a state that places individuals at some
definable risk of adverse consequences, while the latter helps suggest specific
genetic or pharmacologic therapies. Thus, both clinical criteria and genetic
abnormalities should be used to define a disease state, and the choice of a
(40) disease definition will vary according to what one wishes to achieve, the genetic
counseling of family members or the effective treatment of the patient.
The author of the passage suggests that all of the following may be consequences of applying a pathological taxonomy to a diseased person EXCEPT
选项
A、Easier access to health care for the victim
B、Social discrimination against the victim
C、Influence on the victim’s decision to reproduce
D、Helping to cure the victim’s condition
E、Complication of the victim’s ability to obtain insurance
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/z9jO777K
本试题收录于:
GRE VERBAL题库GRE分类
0
GRE VERBAL
GRE
相关试题推荐
Everycountryhassecretservicestohelpprotectitagainstseriousthreatsfromterrorists,majorcriminalsorevenfromother
Hegotinjuredbecauseofhisfaultybrakes.He______toseeifhisbrakeswereworkingproperly.
Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafunfilled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeveratta
Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafunfilled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeveratta
Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafunfilled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeveratta
AtfirstIthoughtthatmathproblemwouldberatherdifficult,butit______tobefairlyeasy.
Thekidswereespecially______thecomingChristmasbecausetheywouldgetlotsofpresentsfromtheirparentsanduncles.
InevertrustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassucha______character.
AWNING:SUN::
Forthousandsofyears,nomads,conquerors,traders,andpilgrimshave(i)______theregion,contributingtoitsmulticulturalhe
随机试题
简述氯丙嗪中枢神经系统的药理作用与用途。
A.1%盐酸乙醇B.Verocay液C.Lugol碘溶液D.0.25%高锰酸钾E.稀氨水分化作用
导致消化性溃疡的主要因素之一是糖尿病的病因之一是
使用切断机时,手与切断间应保持距离大于()cm。
在某花园洋房开发项目开盘前,房地产开发企业邀请了约200名当地不同行业的人士到现场参观,向来访者提供自助晚餐,并举行了抽奖活动。上述促销手段属于房地产促销方式中的()。
下列表述正确的是()。
假想防卫行为致人死亡的,可能的后果是
文档“word素材.docx”是一篇从互联网上获取的文字资料,打开该文档并按下列要求进行排版及保存操作:将文档中以“一、”“二、”……开头的段落设为“标题1”样式;以“(一)”“(二)”……开头的段落设为“标题2”样式;以“1、”“2、”……开
CPU中有一个程序计数器(又称指令计数器),它用于存储()。
TheLibraryofCongressisAmerica’snationallibrary.Ithasmillionsofbooksandotherobjects.Ithasnewspapers,popularpu
最新回复
(
0
)