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  3. To say that cheats never prosper is to elevate hope over experience. Modern technology, in the form of miniature cameras, smart

To say that cheats never prosper is to elevate hope over experience. Modern technology, in the form of miniature cameras, smart

admin2012-08-05  76
问题     To say that cheats never prosper is to elevate hope over experience. Modern technology, in the form of miniature cameras, smart phones and the Internet, means stealing answers and sharing them has never been easier. Indeed, the problem has got very bad. However, technology allows cheats to be detected more easily than before. An arms race has thus developed between cheats and exam setters.
    Data-forensics (鉴定) software, developed by exam-setting firms like Prometric, of Baltimore, Maryland, and Caveon, of Midvale, Utah, detects cheating by calculating the probabilities of particular patterns of answers being honest. This software exploits the relentless logic of combinatorial statistics. A correct answer is a correct answer, of course, but unless a candidate answers all questions correctly (itself an event that might at least raise suspicions), the mix of right and wrong answers provides information that can point to collaboration. If two candidates’ patterns of answers are similar or identical, warning flags go up. If more than two, hanky-panky (作弊) is a rising certainty.
    In tests where the candidate is allowed to change his mind about an answer, the pattern of changes also provides information. Several candidates making the same change is suspicious. So is a case where all changes are from wrong to right.
    Sudden improvements in scores by an individual candidate, compared with previous attempts, also raise an electronic eyebrow—particularly if the new result is from a different exam hall. Crossing an international border to take a test is suspicious, too, and doubly so if it is from a place generally reckoned clean to one generally reckoned corrupt. American candidates who fly all the way to, say, India, for their exams may thus find themselves with some explaining to do.
    A company called Kryterion scrutinises matters even more closely than that. Kryterion administers its tests online, and the invigilators (监考官) sit at its headquarters in Phoenix, Arizona, watching test-takers around the world through webcams and never meeting them in person. The opportunities for envelopes stuffed with banknotes to change hands are thus minimised. Software that recognises facial features and keystroke rhythms stops candidates being impersonated by professional exam sitters. Remote computers are "locked down" with security software, to prevent unauthorised windows from being opened. Invigilators warn or disqualify test-takers whose eyes or hands wander in suspicious ways. And the software also alerts them if difficult questions are being answered suspiciously quickly, or if two test-takers’ answers match too closely for comfort.
In detecting cheating, data-forensics software operates on the principle of figuring out the probabilities of particular patterns of______.
选项
答案answers being honest
解析 同义转述题。本题考查数据鉴定软件的工作原理。由定位句可知，在识别作弊方面，数据鉴定软件的工作原理是通过计算诚实答题的特殊模式的概率来判断是否存在作弊行为。题干中的figuring out是对原文中的calculating的同义转述，故答案为answers beinghonest。
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