2. 外语
  3. The morning after my teacher came, she led me into her room and gave me a doll. When I had played with it a little while, Miss S

The morning after my teacher came, she led me into her room and gave me a doll. When I had played with it a little while, Miss S

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问题    The morning after my teacher came, she led me into her room and gave me a doll. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word "d-o-l-l." I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to imitate it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly, I was flushed with childish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother, I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkey-like imitation. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything had a name.
   One day, while I was playing with my new doll, Miss Sullivan also put my big rag doll into my lap, spelled "d-o-l-l" and tried to make me understand that "d-o-l-l" applied to both. Earlier in the day we had had a tussle over the words "m-u-g" and "w-a-t-e-r." Miss Sullivan had tried to impress it upon me that "m-u-g" is mug and "w-a-t-e-r" is water, but I persisted in confounding the two. In despair, she had dropped the subject for the time, only to renew it at the first opportunity. I became impatient at her repeated attempts and, seizing the new doll, I dashed it upon the floor. I was keenly delighted when I felt the fragments of the broken doll at my feet. Neither sorrow nor regret followed my passionate outburst. I had not loved the doll. In the still, dark world in which I lived, there was no strong sentiment or tenderness.
   We walked down the path to the well-house, attracted by the fragrance of the honeysuckle with which it was covered. Someone was drawing water, and my teacher placed my hand under the spout. As the cool stream gushed over one hand, she spelled into the other the word water, first slowly, then rapidly. I stood still, my whole attention fixed upon the motions of her fingers. Suddenly I felt a misty consciousness as of something forgotten — a thrill of returning thought; and somehow the mystery of language was revealed to me. I knew then that "w-a-t-e-r" meant the wonderful cool, something that was flowing over my hand. That living word awakened my soul, gave it light, hope, joy, set it free! There were barriers still, it is true, but barriers that could in time be swept away.
   I left the well-house, eager to learn. Everything had a name, and each name gave birth to a new thought. As we returned to the house, every object which I touched seemed to quiver with life. That was because I saw everything with the strange, new sight that had come to me. On entering the door, I remembered the doll I had broken. I felt my way to the hearth and picked up the pieces. I tried vainly to put them together. Then my eyes filled with tears; for I realized what I had done, and for the first time I felt repentance and sorrow.
The difference between the author’s experiences of imitation and understanding can be characterized as the difference between______.
选项 A、truth and mystery
B、childhood and maturity
C、memorization and comprehension
D、pride and humility
答案C
解析    比较判断。作者对于finger play(用手指拼写)一开始觉得有趣，只是模仿，直到后来，当自来水流过手指间，老师再次给她拼写water时，她突然顿悟，手里写的词指水。即实物“水”和单词water在大脑中建立起了概念联系。这个学习过程与视觉和听觉都正常的人通过看词形、听读音把实体联系起来构成概念一样，都是通过语言理解世界的。因此，选项C正确。【知识拓展】本题比较了两种不同的认知方式：自然的和受限的认知方式。人有五种感觉：视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。当视觉和听觉受限时，认知会遭遇严重障碍，只能借助仅剩的三个感觉。而要学习语言，触觉最为重要。所以通过模仿拼写，懂得词义，这一过程与常人通过记忆拼写形式和读音进行理解是类似的。即两种认知方式进行了类比。
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