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  3. Until recently daydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic tendencies, and habitual day

Until recently daydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic tendencies, and habitual day

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问题     Until recently daydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic tendencies, and habitual daydreaming was regarded as evidence of maladjustment or an escape from life’s realities and responsibilities. It was believed that habitual daydreaming would eventually distance people from society and reduce their effectiveness in coping with real problems. At its best, daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life.
    As with anything carried to excess, daydreaming can be harmful. There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives for the rewards of real activity. But such extremes are relatively rare, and there is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it. We are now beginning to learn how valuable it really is and that when individuals are completely prevented from daydreaming, their emotional balance can be disturbed. Not only are they less able to deal with the pressures of day-to-day existence, but also their self-control and self-direction become endangered.
    Recent research indicates that daydreaming is part of daily life and that a certain amount each day is essential for maintaining equilibrium. Daydreaming, science has discovered, is an effective relaxation technique. But its beneficial effects go beyond this. Experiments show that daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth, powers of concentration, and the ability to interact and communicate with others.
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答案 直到最近白日做梦通常被认为是浪费时间，或是患精神病的征兆。习惯性白日做梦被看作精神失调的证据或是对现实生活和责任的逃避。人们相信，习惯性白日做梦会使人远离社会，降低其处理现实问题的效率。就最好的情况来说，白日做梦被认为是代替生活现实的补偿品。 任何事情做得过分都可能有害，白日做梦也是一样。总有那么一些人，他们用想入非非的生活来代替实际活动得到的好处。但是这一类极端的情况极为罕见，愈来愈多的资料都能证明这样一种看法：大多数人的白日梦做得太少了，而不是太多了。现在我们才开始了解到它确实是多么有价值。当一个人被禁止做白日梦时，他们的感情平衡就可以被搅乱。不仅使他们更难以对付日常的生活压力，而且他们的自我控制和自我定向也变得岌岌可危。 最近的研究表明，白日做梦是日常生活的一部分，每天做一定数量的白日梦对保持平衡是必不可少的。科学已经发现白日梦是一种有效的消遣技巧。但它的有利影响不只这一点，实验表明。自日梦特别有助于智力的发展，有助于全神贯注的能力和与人交往、交流的能力。
解析     《让头脑畅想》(Let Your Mind Wander)是一篇优美的议论文，文章介绍了白日做梦的各种好处。白日做梦对人的身心健康有益，而且最终这一小小的廉价的时间投资最终带来的是一个更有创造性、更富想象力、更心满意足和更踌躇满志．的个体。它常常使人更充分地意识到生活的紧张激烈，这当然大大有助于增加生活的兴奋和乐趣。
1．  “a symptom of neurotic tendencies”：  “neurotic tendencies”原意是“神经质的趋势”，这里则译为“患精神病的征兆”，因为中文里，患病一般搭配“有……的征兆”而非“有……的趋势”。
2．  “habitual daydreaming”：“habitual”(习惯的，惯常的)，词组译为“习惯性白日做梦”。
3．  “maladjustment”：  “失调，适应不良”。  “mal-”这个前缀的意思是“badly,ill”。
4．  “distance…from．．．”：使疏远，使产生距离。
5．  “at its best”：等同于“at best”，意思是“充其量，至多”。
6．  “a compensatory substitute for the real things in life”：  “compensatory”(补偿的，补充的)，  “substitute for”(替代)。全，丌J原意足“对现实生活的替代性补偿”，语句不通畅也不符合中文表达，因此将之稍加修改为“代替生活现实的补偿品”。
7．    “As with anything carried to excess．daydreaming can be harmful．”：  “as with”  (正如，与……一样)，  “to excess”(过分，过多)，  “carried”修饰“anything”，句子原意是“正如任何事做得过多一样，白日做梦可能会有害”，但语句并不通畅，所以我们调整句子结构译为“任何事情做得过分都可能有害，白日做梦也是一样。”
8．  “fantasy lives”：虚幻的生活，想人非非的生活。
9．  “the rewards of real activity”：  “real activity”和前文的“fantasy lives”相对应，即“实际活动”，  “rewards”原指“回报，奖励”，这里则处理为：  “好处”。词组译为“实际活动得到的好处”。
10．  “a growing body of evidence”：a(large)body of意思是“大量、大批、大块、大片”，a growing body of相当于more and more(越来越多)，词组译为“越来越大的证据(资料)”。
11．  “a lack of”：与后文的“an excess of”相对应，前者的意思是“……的缺少”，后者则是“……的过多”。
12．  “day-to-day existence”：相当于“daily life”，即“日常生活”。
13．  “self-direction”：自我定向。
14．  “equilibrium”：均衡，平衡。
15．  “relaxation technique”：  “relaxation”(放松，消遣)，词组译为“消遣技巧”。
16．  “go beyond”：超过，超越。
17．  “intellectual growth”：智力的发展。
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