首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the ne
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the ne
admin
2011-01-02
65
问题
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex ... into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization’s effects, but they agreed that it would transform women’s lives.
Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women’s economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of women’s work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880’s created a new class of "dead-end" jobs, thenceforth considered "women’s work". The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.
Women’s work bas changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women’s household labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home.
The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the 20th century was NOT due to ______.
选项
A、their economic necessity
B、more women employers
C、shortage of single women workers
D、high marriage rates
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/zneO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
TheAmericanTaxSystemGovernmentsraiserevenuesthroughtaxation.Ataxisa【1】_______paymenttogovernment.I
1 OurheritageandourculturehavecausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonlythatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegestur
WhichAmericanpresidentwitnessedthedisintegrationoftheSovietUnionandtheWesternizationofEastEuropeancountries?
Abattery-drivenbus,whichisnotonlyquietandpollution-freebutcompetitivewiththeconventionalbusoncostandperforman
AsoneofthedevelopedcountriesinAsia,JapanhasbeensoughthegemonyinAsiabecauseofitsstrongpowerineconomy.Howab
Inthelate1960smanypeopleinNorthAmericaturnedtheirattentiontoenvironmentalproblems,andnewsteel-and-glassskyscra
PolicemanasaWriterIdecidedtobegintheterm’sworkwiththeshortstorysincethatformwouldbetheeasiestforthepo
In17th-centuryNewEngland,almosteveryonebelievedinwitches.Strugglingtosurviveinavastandsometimesunforgivingland
Thesentence"Haveyoustoppedbeatingyourwife?"isaninstanceof______.
CampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.Neitherthelandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsina
随机试题
能够引起便秘的药物是
A.轻证B.重证C.虚证D.实证E.表证紫癜起病缓慢,病情反复,病程缠绵,紫斑颜色较淡者,其证候属
女,70岁。风湿性心脏瓣膜病20年。因心悸5天就诊。查体:自动体位,BP150/70mmHg,心率119次/分,心律绝对不齐,心音强弱不等。心电图示:心房颤动。为控制该患者的心室率不宜首选
1995年9月,范某携家眷出国,将自己所有的一套房屋交给宋某居住,并与宋某言明如果自己5年内不回国就将该房送与宋某。2000年11月,宋某见范某出国后至今没有音讯,认为其私房已属自己所有,便将房屋出租给王某,并与王某签订了为期3年的房屋租赁合同。2002年
2005年3月,甲公司与乙公司签订的租赁合同约定:甲公司将其面积为500平方米的办公用房出租给乙公司,租期25年,租金每月1万元,以每年官方公布的通货膨胀率为标准逐年调整,乙公司应一次性支付两年的租金。合同签订后,乙公司依约支付租金,甲公司依约交付了该房屋
教育是对人进行的一种什么社会活动?()
根据下面资料,回答106~110题以下各项由所给信息无法计算的是()。
如今有些“职业乞丐”通过骗取公众同情的方式,破坏了宝贵的社会信任,也让那些真正需要关怀的乞丐处境日益艰难:还有一些牵涉到利益集团的行乞行为,则涉嫌违法犯罪。因此,无论从社会角度还是法律角度,乞丐问题都是城市管理者必须面对的一道难题,探索城市乞丐群体的有效管
Directions:Writeacompositionofabout180wordsonthefollowingtopic.YourcompositionshouldbewrittenonAnswerSheetⅡ.
A、Nooneperformedtheweddingceremony.B、Thenewcouplegotmarriedwithoutacar.C、Aministermarriedthecoupleoutsideac
最新回复
(
0
)