首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the ne
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the ne
admin
2011-01-02
76
问题
It is frequently assumed that the mechanization of work has a revolutionary effect on the lives of the people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the machines have been introduced. For example, it has been suggested that the employment of women in industry took them out of the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position in society. In the nineteenth century, when women began to enter factories, Jules Simon, a French politician, warned that by doing so, women would give up their femininity. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex ... into public industry." Observers thus differed concerning the social desirability of mechanization’s effects, but they agreed that it would transform women’s lives.
Historians, particularly those investigating the history of women, now seriously question this assumption of transforming power. They conclude that such dramatic technological innovations as the spinning jenny, the sewing machine, the typewriter, and the vacuum cleaner have not resulted in equally dramatic social changes in women’s economic position or in the prevailing evaluation of women’s work. The employment of young women in textile mills during the Industrial Revolution was largely an extension of an older pattern of employment of young, single women as domestics. It was not the change in office technology, but rather the separation of secretarial work, previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers, from administrative work that in the 1880’s created a new class of "dead-end" jobs, thenceforth considered "women’s work". The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire.
Women’s work bas changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from the household to the office or the factory, and later becoming mostly white-collar instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions under which women work have changed little since before the Industrial Revolution: the segregation of occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require relatively low levels of skill and offer women little opportunity for advancement all persist, while women’s household labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a major revision of the notion that technology is always inherently revolutionary in its effects on society. Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of women both in the labor market and in the home.
The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the 20th century was NOT due to ______.
选项
A、their economic necessity
B、more women employers
C、shortage of single women workers
D、high marriage rates
答案
B
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/zneO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
1 Television—themostpervasiveandpersuasiveofmoderntechnologies,markedbyrapidchangeandgrowth—ismovingintoanewe
Therehavebeenagreatmanyexplanations,someofthemverycomplicated,ofthegreatdemandforcollegeeducationinAmerica,
Asignificantnumberofpeopleseektoadoptchildrenfromothercountries,aprocessknownasinternationaladoption.Peoplese
DreamFunctions Dreamingisacommonphenomenon.Practicallyallpeopledream,althoughwhethertheycan【1】________themisa
Thescienceofwildlifemanagementisactuallyquitenew.Itisthethirdmajorphaseoftheoriginalconservationmovement.The
1 Therearevariouswaysinwhichindividualeconomicunitscaninteractwithoneanother.Threebasicwaysmaybedescribedas
WhichAmericanpresidentwitnessedthedisintegrationoftheSovietUnionandtheWesternizationofEastEuropeancountries?
A、Becausehegrewupwantingtobeataxidriver.B、Becausehelikesbeingfriendlyforshortperiods.C、Becausehewasonceas
A、theefficiencyoftheengineshasimprovedalotB、theenginesaremorepowerfulC、peoplelikedrivingfastD、highwaysprovide
随机试题
冷原子吸收法测定总汞时,试样消解后,在强酸性介质中,汞离子被硼氢化钠还原成元素汞,通过载气吹入汞测定仪进行冷原子吸收测定。
简述预算的分类。
OneBritishschoolisfindingthatallowingchildrentolistentomusicoreventohavetheTVonwhilestudyingishelpingimpr
直线一参谋型组织结构的优点是
A.非限制使用级B.自主使用级C.限制使用级D.特殊使用级具有明显或者严重不良反应,不宜随意使用的抗生素
根据企业所得税相关规定,下列确认销售商品收入实现的条件,错误的是()。
民族语言属于阿尔泰语系的是()。
17岁的高中生江某涉嫌犯罪被采取刑事强制措施,案件尚在审理阶段,所在学校以此为由取消了其学籍。该校做法()
甲、乙、丙三名学生参加一次考试,试题一共十道,每道题都是判断题,每题10分,判断正确得10分,判断错误得零分,满分100分。他们的答题情况如下:考试成绩公布后,三个人都是70分,由此可以推出,1~10题的正确答案是(
(2008下项管)去年底A公司大型企业集团的财务处经过分析发现,员工手机通话量的80%是在企业内部员工之间进行的,而90%的企业内部通话者之间的距离不到1000米。如果能引入一项新技术降低或者免掉内部员工通话费,这对集团来说将能节省很大一笔费用,对集团的发
最新回复
(
0
)