2. 考研
  3. [A] Refuse Gimmicks [B] Be Wary of Price Levels [C] Say No to Useless Things [D] Never Pay List Price [E] Stand

[A] Refuse Gimmicks [B] Be Wary of Price Levels [C] Say No to Useless Things [D] Never Pay List Price [E] Stand

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问题     [A] Refuse Gimmicks
    [B] Be Wary of Price Levels
    [C] Say No to Useless Things
    [D] Never Pay List Price
    [E] Stand up to Temptations
    [F] Switch — or Threaten to
    [G] Don’t Buy on Impulse
    In recent years the basic market principles of competition and choice have expanded into new aspects of American life. Consumers now face a bewildering array of options for air travel, phone service, medical care, even postal service. Car buyers can shop on the Internet for the best price at any dealership in their area. In some parts of the country, homeowners can purchase electricity from a menu of companies. All this choice translates into unprecedented consumer power.
    One of the persistent myths of capitalist culture is that business people love competition. They don’t. They spend their waking hours plotting ways to avoid it, and keep prices high. These days they use information technologies that give them intricate data on individual shoppers, and then present multiple prices to get each consumer to cough up the maximum he is willing to pay. The airlines have mastered this game, offering many levels of fares.
    So how can you make the most of your new power as a consumer? Here are rules to help you find your way.
    41.______
    In the New Economy, competition is so strong that fewer stores and services are immune to price pressure, so sharpen your bargaining skills. Ask retailers to match prices you’ve seen on the Internet. Ask at the checkout counter if there are any coupons or discounts you can use. Ask hotel clerks if there are better rates available. You’ll be surprised how often the answer is yes.
    42.______
    As competition heats up and pushes prices down, businesses scramble to boost their profits by heaping on extras: rust proofing your car, service contracts on your appliance, prepaid gasoline for your rental car. These stunts are devised to make you pay more at the last minute and probably aren’t a good deal.
    43.______
    The information highway is a two-way street. As a consumer, you can get more data. But while you are roaming the Web, businesses are studying your habits and vulnerabilities.
    Have a weakness for chocolates? Don’t be surprised if Amazon. Com offers to sell you a box while you’re browsing for books. They’re using a wrinkle on the last-minute marketing pitch perfected by McDonald’s: “Would you like fries with that?” The ploy works remarkably well.
    44.______
    Versioning is a tactic used by businesses to separate status-conscious consumers from the bargain-hungry ones — since the former mean bigger profit margins. “Deluxe” and “platinum” are code words used to entice status seekers to open their wallets.
    Add a third price level and the purses of even bargain-hungry shoppers can be pried open. Research shows that many consumers who might pick the lower-priced option when given just two choices will choose the medium-priced alternative if given three. “Consumers try to avoid extreme options,” write Carl Shapiro and Hal R. Varian in their book Information Rules.
    Consumers in .the New Economy face more demands on their time and attention than ever before, so they’re inclined to make the most familiar choice. Consider this: it had been a decade and a half since the breakup of AT＆T, yet it is still by far the largest long-distance provider — even while other phone companies offer $ 50 worth of free service for switching. More than ever, it pays to change services and brands.
    If you don’t want the hassles of switching remember that businesses are eager to hang on to consumers. The next time you get a tempting offer from a credit-card issuer or a phone company, call your current provider and ask them to match the deal. You’ll be pleased to find how often they’ll agree.
选项
答案B
解析 第八段谈到，对商品进行不同描述(versioning)是商家们用来区分有身份意识的顾客和热衷于杀价的顾客的一种策略，因为前者追求的是身份，所以会为“豪华型的” (deluxe)或“铂金级”(platinum)的商品掏钱；而第九段谈到，再增加一个价格标准(price level)，即使热衷于杀价的人的钱包也会被撬开。由此可见，这两段主要在介绍商家们利用消费者的心理所制定的一些“价格标准”，故选[B]，选项中的price levels为原词复现。
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