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  3. The atmosphere that originally surrounded Earth was probably much different from the air we breathe today. Earth’s first atmosph

The atmosphere that originally surrounded Earth was probably much different from the air we breathe today. Earth’s first atmosph

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问题     The atmosphere that originally surrounded Earth was probably much different from the air we breathe today. Earth’s first atmosphere(some 4. 6 billion years ago)was most likely hydrogen and helium. The two most abundant gasses found in the universe—as well as hydrogen compounds, such as methane and ammonia, most scientists feel that this early atmosphere escaped into space from the Earth’s hot surface.
    A second, denser atmosphere, however, gradually enveloped Earth as gasses. From molten rocks within its hot interior escaped through volcanoes and steam vents. We assume that volcanoes spewed out the same gasses then as they do today: mostly water vapor(about 90 percent), carbon dioxide(about ten percent), and up to a few percent nitrogen. These same gasses probably created Earth’s second atmosphere.
    As millions of years passed, the constant outpouring of gasses from the hot interior—known as out gassing—provided a rich supply of water vapor, which formed into clouds. Rain fell upon Earth for many thousands or years, forming the rivers, lakes, and oceans of the world. During this Lime, large amounts of carbon dioxide were dissolved in the oceans. Through chemical and biological processes, much of the carbon dioxide became locked up in carbon sedimentary rocks, such as limestone. With much of the water vapor already condensed into water and the concentration of carbon dioxide dwindling, the atmosphere gradually became rich nitrogen.
    It appears that oxygen, the second most abundant gas in today’s atmosphere, probably began an extremely slow increase in concentration as energetic rays from the sun split water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen during a process called photo dissociation. The hydrogen, being lighter, probably rose and escaped into space, while the oxygen remained in the atmosphere.
    This slow increase in oxygen may have provided enough of this gas for primitive plants to evolve, perhaps two to three billion years ago. Or the plants may have evolved in an almost oxygen-free(anaerobic)environment. At any rate, plant growth greatly enriched our atmosphere with oxygen. The reason for this enrichment is that plants, in the presence of sunlight, process carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen.
Which of the following does the passage mention as necessary for both the production of oxygen by photo dissociation and the production of oxygen by plants?
选项 A、Hydrogen.
B、Water.
C、Nitrogen.
D、Carbon dioxide.
答案B
解析 细节题。第四段的第一句：…the sun split water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen during a process called photo dissociation(光解作用)和第五段最后一句：…plants…in the presence of sunlight，process carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen．通过这两句话可知，光解作 用中产生氧气以及由植物产生氧气的过程中，水都是必需的。所以，答案是B。
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