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  3. Passage three In his book The Tipping Point，Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting

Passage three In his book The Tipping Point，Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting

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问题 Passage three
In his book The Tipping Point，Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals，often called influentials，who are unusually informed，persuasive，or well—connected．The idea is intuitively compelling，but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread． The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theorv called the”two step flow of communication”：Information flows from the media  to the influentials and from them to everyone else．Marketers have embraced the two—step—flow  because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials，those selected people will do most of the work for them．The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of people who was wearing，promoting or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention．Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that onlv certain special people can drive trends．
In their recent work，however，some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed．In fact，they don’t seem to be required of all．
The researchers’argument stems from a simple observation about social influence，with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarilv a function of media，not interpersonal，influence—even the most influential members of a popula tion simply don’t interact with that many others．Yet it is precisely these non—celebring influentials who，according to the two～step—flow theory，are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly．For a social epidemic to occur，however，each person so affected，must then influence his or her own acquaintances，who must in turn influence theirs，and so on；and just how many others pay attention to each of these people who has little to do with the initial influential．If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant，for example the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people． Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence，the researchers studied the dv—namics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations，manipulatins a number of variables relating to people’s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced．
The underlined phrase”these people”in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who________．
选项 A、stay outside the network of social influence
B、have little contact with the Source of influence
C、are 1nfluenced and then influence others
D、are influenced by the initial influential
答案C
解析 定位到文章第口q段，前面表述的意思为，“人们受到别人影响后会进而影响后面的人”，These people所在句子的意思为，“有多少人注意这些人，他们与最初的那些名人一点关系也没有”，由此可知，那些人指的就是前文中所述的“受到别人影响后进而影响后人的人。”
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