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  3. World War Ⅱ initiated the concept of "total war"—war that involved all, civilians and military alike, in the war effort. This wa

World War Ⅱ initiated the concept of "total war"—war that involved all, civilians and military alike, in the war effort. This wa

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问题     World War Ⅱ initiated the concept of "total war"—war that involved all, civilians and military alike, in the war effort. This was not really new. Lazare Carnot had anticipated it during the French Revolution with his call for "a nation in arms". But never before World War II had nation been required to draw so heavily upon the total human resources available to them. In each country, there was a propaganda effort to portray every person in the state as personally involves in the struggle being waged. In the United States, "Rosie the Riveter" was as much a part of the picture as "G. I. Joe". The German "Rosies" were not as likely as their American counterparts to be working as riveters, but from 1942 on, they and their children were to face terrors of war as severe as those experienced by their front-line soldiers. Shivering from fear of being buried alive in the cellars that served as air-raid shelters, they had to emerge from those areas of modest security to extinguish the fare bombs that sizzled in the attics above before entire houses were incinerated. Each explosive bomb that fell could mean life or death for each person who heard it coming, depending on where it fell and how big it was.
    There is no rational way of rendering judgment on the moral aspects of the Allied bombing. It did, of course, kill Nazis and anti-Nazis alike; women and children as well as men; prisoners of war and foreign workers as well as Germans; professors, artists, musicians, and farmers, as well as workers in munitions factories. And the mode of death, as will be seen, was often shocking and gruesome. But it is faulty to assume that without the bombing all those who perished would have survived and would have met death more peacefully. Land invasion would have meant the ravaging of cities by heavy artillery, tanks, and flame throwers, the desperate flight of thousands of civilians (which indeed occurred on Germany’s eastern front), and the ultimate collapse of all forces of order, with internecine fighting, famine, and disease as likely accompaniments. Neither can one assume that more churches, famous monuments, paintings, library books, and so forth would have survived. That those who stopped the bombs had pangs of guilt in respect to the suffering they caused and the cultural wealth they destroyed is a credit to their humanitarian sensitivities. But sentiments of revulsion are more appropriately directed at war itself, which inevitably brutalizes those involved, destroys normal sensitivities, and opens the way to rape, pillage, and want of destruction. A "clean", "humane" war is an impossibility.  
It can be inferred from the first paragraph that "Rosie the Riveter" was
选项 A、a picture used in the war propaganda.
B、the name of an American hero during the war.
C、a representative of women who were dragged into the war.
D、a German-born worker who escaped to America during the war.
答案C
解析 词义题。从首段倒数第3句可以知道倒数第4句中提到的“Rosie the Riveter”和German“Rosies”是相同的人，而从倒数第3句中的转折分句可以知道German“Rosies”应该是指德国后方的妇女，由此可见，“Rosie the Riveter”应指美国后方的妇女，代指所有被无故卷入战争的平民，因此本题应选C。
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