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  3. Brothers and sisters fight, but when the bickering evolves into physical or emotional abuse, it’s bullying. Ordinary arguments o

Brothers and sisters fight, but when the bickering evolves into physical or emotional abuse, it’s bullying. Ordinary arguments o

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问题     Brothers and sisters fight, but when the bickering evolves into physical or emotional abuse, it’s bullying. Ordinary arguments over toys and who gets the front seat are one thing, but a recent study from researchers at the University of New Hampshire reports that aggression between siblings can escalate into bullying, and that young victims can be harmed in the same way as those who are threatened by peers on the playground.
    In fact, the study authors say, being bullied by a brother or sister was linked to worse mental-health outcomes for kids and adolescents, similar to those associated with being bullied by unrelated kids in the schoolyard.
    The new study, published in the journal Pediatrics, involved thousands of children and adolescents throughout the U.S. and found that those who were physically assaulted, had their toys stolen or broken or endured emotional abuse that made them feel frightened or unwanted by their sibling had higher levels of depression, anger and anxiety than those without these experiences.
    In order to study any differences between the effects of sibling bullying and those of being threatened by an unrelated bully, the researchers compared the effects of aggressive behaviors, such as physical violence, breaking or taking toys or belongings, and abuse, like name-calling or mocking, originating from siblings with those coming from children’s unrelated peers. They concluded that as far as mental-health effects are concerned, the relationship that the victims had with their bullies didn’t seem to matter. The findings showed that sibling bullying had the same association with increased anxiety, depression and trauma as peer aggression.
    That’s an eye-opening result since most parents—not to mention the   public—have a higher tolerance for fighting and even threatening behavior among siblings than they do for other social relationships. Sibling fighting is often dismissed, seen as something that’s normal or harmless. Some parents even think it’s beneficial, as training for dealing with conflict and aggression in other relationships.
    But when does that normal quarreling evolve into something more? Parents may unknowingly play a role in escalating some sibling fighting into abuse, John V. Caffaro, a clinical psychologist and coauthor of Sibling Abuse Trauma, told the New York Times. If parents allow children to continuously fight and confront each other in aggressive ways without intervening, or if they play favorites and label children as "the smart one" or the "the quiet one," that may lead to more unhealthy competitiveness between siblings that develops into abuse. Caffaro said that since violence between siblings is one of the most common types of familial violence, aggression with the intent to physical hurt or humiliate a brother or sister should be taken seriously, and quashed.
Which of the following would Caffaro most probably agree with?
选项 A、Parents are responsible for most bullying in the family.
B、Sibling bullying is more than common in US families.
C、Parents should consciously encourage sibling fighting.
D、Sibling bullying needs proper intervention from parents.
答案D
解析 根据题干，可以在文中最后一段找到Caffaro这个名字。最后一句话提到Caffaro的观点“他们之间的故意攻击、伤害或羞辱应该认真加以对待并及时制止。”也就是说家长应该认真对待手足欺凌，给予适当的干预，选D项。A项是对第六段第二句的错误理解，家长可能在不经意间扮演了使吵架升级的角色。但A项说家长应该为欺凌负主要责任，是对这句话的曲解。B项提到的手足欺凌是否普遍，在最后一段完全没有涉及。C项与Caffaro的观点恰好相反，Caffaro认为家长应该认真对待手足欺凌。
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