首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Using Mind Maps to Develop Our Writing Besides reading more, thinking much, seeking much, using mind maps is also an import
Using Mind Maps to Develop Our Writing Besides reading more, thinking much, seeking much, using mind maps is also an import
admin
2015-01-09
33
问题
Using Mind Maps to Develop Our Writing
Besides reading more, thinking much, seeking much, using mind maps is also an
important way of writing improvement.
I . What is a mind map?
—a【B1】______strategy for making notes on a topic before writing as opposed to【B1】______
brainstorming
—having an organized display of information for【B2】______a draft【B2】______
—a【B3】______pre-writing activity, starting with a topic and then generating a【B3】______
web of ideas from that
II . How does a mind map work?
—as our visual design works well, or when created in groups to engender discussion
—【B4】______the topic ourselves with greater interest and knowledge【B4】______
—applying to almost any topic, especially【B5】______and narrative work【B5】______
III . What to do with a mind map strategy?
—first, closing eyes and thinking about it in silence, noting down ideas
—then, working in groups, an opportunity for【B6】______【B6】______
—the next stage, optional, teacher’s making a collective mind map, which is also a
【B7】______stage【B7】______
—organizing our mind maps into a linear format
IV. What are some other considerations?
—providing a context and【B8】______【B8】______
—helping to decide important ideas and choose appropriate style
—beginning to write compositions, and exchanging them after a while to【B9】______【B9】______
feedback and possible re-writing
—exchanging texts again after finished
—giving a communicative purpose
—developing an【B10】______that writing is for reading【B10】______
【B1】
Using Mind Maps to Develop Our Writing
Good morning, everyone. Today we’ll continue our discussion on improving writing. Last week we examined such methods of developing writing as reading more, thinking much, seeking much, etc. In this lecture, we’ll look at another important way of writing improvement, that is, using mind maps. We may know mind maps can be used for a multitude of purposes. My lecture outlines how they can effectively be used to help support and develop our writing skills.
(1)A mind map, or spidergram, is a strategy for making notes on a topic, prior to writing. It is a structured strategy, which shows the hierarchical relationship of ideas, as opposed to an unstructured strategy, such as brainstorming, in which we produce notes at random on paper.
(2)Having an organized display of information from the outset of the writing process may help us, as it is more easily converted into a draft, whereas in brainstorming, the random recording of ideas might lead to problems with the structure of our texts.
(3)Making a mind map should be a spontaneous pre-writing activity. We start with a topic at the center and then generate a web of ideas from that, developing and relating these ideas as our mind makes associations.
Mind maps work well as our visual design enables us to see the relationship between ideas, and encourages us to group certain ideas together as we proceed. Mind maps work especially well when created in groups, since the discussion this engenders aids the production of ideas, and makes the task livelier and more enjoyable.
Traditionally, we are given a topic to write on by the teacher.(4)However, with certain classes, we may prefer to nominate the topic ourselves. This can lead to greater interest in the task on the part of us, as well as, perhaps, greater knowledge of the topic under study.
(5)The mind map strategy can be used to explore almost any topic, though discursive essays and narrative work particularly well as we front our ideas and lend ourselves to discussing ideas in groups.
I usually start by writing the topic on the board. In the last writing class I taught, with a group of upper-intermediate students, I chose a discursive essay with the title "Why do people start smoking?" I chose this genre as we had recently been looking at the language used to give reasons and explanations. The discursive text is useful in highlighting this feature of English, and in raising awareness of the noun phrase, a particularly tricky area for intermediate students.
Once the topic has been introduced, we can close our eyes and think about it for a minute or two, in silence. We then have two minutes in which to note down our ideas. If we do not know a word in English, we can write it in L1 at this stage, as dictionaries or too much teacher intervention tend to halt and inhibit the creative flow.
Then, working in groups, we can compare and discuss our ideas, perhaps adding to our mind maps as we go.(6)This stage also provides the opportunity for peer teaching, as others may be available to provide the English word for the idea that was noted down in L1.
The next stage, in which the teacher may make a collective mind map on the board, is optional, but is useful for us who are new to the idea of mind maps, or for weak classes.(7)It is also in this feedback stage that any remaining language problems can be ironed out. As our teacher elicits our ideas, and reformulates expressions or corrects, we will learn how to express our ideas in English. Such personalization is said to aid vocabulary learning.
The map is fluid and changeable, and new connections or subgroups can be made, or branches added, as we make suggestions. The end result should be an organized display of information, showing the central topic, and a number of subtopics and further points that stem from it.
In the next stage we can organize our mind maps into a linear format to decide the best way in which to present our points. We should first think about the overall structure, i.e. the order in which to relay the information, and then focus on the precise function each paragraph will have in our final text, as this helps to clarify our writing. This can be done in groups, or as a class with our teacher leading the discussion.
(8)However it is carried out, it is important to provide a context and audience. I told my class, who were writing about drugs, that they were writing for their college magazine. Having an audience in mind helps us to decide which ideas are most important, and also helps us to choose the appropriate style.
We should then begin to write our compositions, working in pairs if we wish. After two paragraphs, we should exchange our compositions, so we become readers of each other’s work.(9)This allows for feedback, and possible re-writing. Once we have finished, we should again exchange our texts.(10)This gives our texts a communicative purpose, as well as developing an awareness of the fact that a writer is always producing something to be read by someone else, rather than for the display of writing alone.
Once we are familiar with the idea of making mind maps, we can be encouraged to use this skill for further writing activities. It is a useful technique and often improves the clarity and organization of our texts.
OK, that’s all today’s lecture. In this lecture, we look into an efficient way to improve writing-using mind maps, and introduce to you what a mind map is and how to use it. Thank you for your attention!
选项
答案
structured
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/0wdO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Giventhedifficultyoflandingajob,universitygraduatesarenowmoreproactive.TheywouldforcethemselvesonHRpersonnel
Insomecountries,artandmusicarepartofthecompulsorycoursesinsecondaryschools.SomeeducationexpertssuggestthatCh
谁能否认海的伟大呢?我爱海,并不仅仅因为她的颜色美丽,和藏在海底那许多有趣的玩意儿,而是爱她的胸襟广阔,化污秽为清洁。她容纳无数的细流,尽管她们的颜色有黑的也有黄的,一旦流到了海的怀抱,立刻变成碧绿的了。碧绿是代表和平,一种静美。一个人,哪怕他的脾气有如虎
TheOriginofMoney Intheearlieststagesofman’sdevelopmenthehadnomoreneedofmoneythananimalshave.Hewascontent
人生是什么?人生的真相如何?人生的意义何在?人生的目的是何?这些人生最重大最中心的问题,不只是古来一切大宗教家哲学家所殚精竭虑以求解答的。世界上第一流的大诗人凝神冥想,深入灵魂的幽邃,或纵身大化中,于一朵花中窥见天国.一滴露水参悟生命。然后用他们生花之笔.
Learningforeignlanguages,bothatschooloraftergraduation,canberewardedinmanyways.Unfortunately,people【M1】______ju
Amajoraspectofmanyfirms’marketingstrategiesoverthepastdecadehavebeenthedevelopmentofnewproducts.【M1】______Co
Amajoraspectofmanyfirms’marketingstrategiesoverthepastdecadehavebeenthedevelopmentofnewproducts.【M1】______Co
Amajoraspectofmanyfirms’marketingstrategiesoverthepastdecadehavebeenthedevelopmentofnewproducts.【M1】______Co
党中央、国务院对北京市“非典”防治工作极为重视,胡锦涛总书记做出一系列重要指示,温家宝总理三次到北京视察指导“非典”防治工作。昨天上午,国务院防治非典型肺炎指挥部总指挥、国务院副总理吴仪同志又到北京市检查指导。中央有关部门、兄弟省市给予我们极大关注和有力支
随机试题
患者,女,66岁。患风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄伴关闭不全5年,突然出现心悸、胸闷。查体:心率158次/分,脉搏137次/分,第一心音强弱不等,心律不齐。心电图:P波消失,代之以一系列大小不等、形态不同、间隔不等的f波,频率360次/分,QRS波形态正常。结
脑血管畸形中最常见的类型是
下列有关药物化学反应半衰期的叙述,正确的是
感冒发热,喉痛眼赤,阴虚火旺者忌服的药是虚寒性患者不适用的药是
性兴奋时润滑阴道口的分泌物来自于
某校一男生李某有经常性的心率不齐现象,曾去医院检查过。在一次校运动会中,李某报名参加了1500米长跑项目。但比赛途中,李某突感不适,出现胸闷、胸痛等现象,可他仍然坚持跑完了全程,到终点时却突然晕倒。对此,教师没有采取任何措施,后在送往医院的路上李某心脏停止
“吾国四千年大梦之唤醒,实自甲午战役割台湾,偿二百兆始。”与梁启超所述事实相关的条约中,反映了帝国主义阶段经济侵略突出特点的是()。
阅读以下说明,回答问题1~3,将答案填入对应的解答栏内。某公司设置VPN服务器允许外地的公司员工通过Internet连接到公司内部网络,如图4-1所示。在由L2TP构建的VPN中,主要由(6)和(7)两种类型的服务器构成。
Atwhatagewillmostchildrenenteragrammarschoolorasecondaryschool?
Whosaysthatvillainscannotturnintoheroes______heroesintovillains?
最新回复
(
0
)