2. 考研
  3. [A] Asking for parental involvement [B] Setting up small groups [C] Making classroom events predictable [D] Extendin

[A] Asking for parental involvement [B] Setting up small groups [C] Making classroom events predictable [D] Extendin

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问题     [A] Asking for parental involvement
    [B] Setting up small groups
    [C] Making classroom events predictable
    [D] Extending the patterns of classroom communications
    [E] Supporting students’ use of language for second language acquisition
    [F] Encouraging students to use models
    [G] Allowing variability in the patterns of classroom communications
    How to Teach a Second Language
    It should be evident that the way in which the patterns of communication are established and maintained in second language classroom is not random. Teachers, by virtue of the status they hold and the ways they use language, have the authority to retain control over both the content and structure of classroom communication. At times, teachers tightly control the topic of discussion, what counts as relevant to that topic, who may participate and when. At other times, teachers grant a varying degree of control to their students by allowing them to select the topic of discussion, contribute to what counts as relevant to that topic, and self-select when and how they will participate. Thus, the patterns of classroom communication depend largely on how teachers use language to control the structure and content of classroom events.
    【R1】________
    To promote the patterns of communication in second language classrooms, teachers must establish an atmosphere in and outside the classroom that is encouraging, supporting and accepting of any and all student contributions. This means accepting student contributions not as right or wrong answers but as an indication of where students are, what students understand and how they have made sense of what they are learning. For example, second language students spend much less time in school than outside school. Therefore, what they learn at home and in their primary social communities greatly influences how they learn, talk, act and interact. If teachers wish to promote communications in second language classrooms, they must make efforts to learn about the home culture and social communities of their second language students by working closely with parents and community members.
    【R2】________
    As for second language classroom communication, when students know exactly what is expected of them and have plenty of opportunities to prepare, they are more willing and able to participate in classroom events. To do so, teachers can provide students with models to demonstrate exactly what they are expected to do within the context of full performance.
    【R3】________
    Nevertheless, teachers need to adjust their instructional practices to adapt to their students’ communicative behavior. This means teachers need to bring into classrooms students’ own frames of reference, particularly their cultural beliefs, assumptions and expectations about who they are and what role they should play.
    【R4】________
    Teachers need to find out the most effective form and way to deliver language to students and help their learning. It is proposed that small group activities are more conducive for learning since they tend to distance teachers’ control over the patterns of communication. In addition, small group activities enable students to take a more active role in what they are learning, as well as have more opportunities to contribute to and help formulate the information that is generated and learned.
    【R5】________
    Students are challenged to use language that is beyond their current proficiency level, and their attempts to do so should be supported by teachers. In this way, students have opportunities to participate in a range of language functions and use language in both planned and unplanned discourse. Consequently, students will gradually develop their own ability to master a second language.
    This chapter has examined a range of issues that teachers must consider if they wish to promote more effective language learning of their second language students: they must be willing to look and listen to their students, to see what they are capable of, to alter, adjust and extend what they do, so as to maximize their students’ competencies and performance.
【R3】
选项
答案G
解析 复现结构。考生定位本填空所对应的原文段落。首先本段落的段首是一个表达上下文存在对立关系的逻辑关系标志词Nevertheless，这个标志词已经说明了本段落的主旨信息与前一段是相反的。前一段的主旨是在阐述Making classroom events predictable(使课堂活动可预测)，那么本段的主旨应该是强调课堂也要具有不可预测性。同时，段落的首句中出现了关键线索词adjust(调整，适应)，即“教师也需要调整教学方法以适应学生”。考生把握上述对本段原文信息的分析后。再去对比剩余的选项，很明显G项Allowing variability in the patterns of classroom communications(允许课堂交流模式的多样性)是最相关的，选项中的关键线索词variability(变化性，多样性)与adjust(调整，适应)是明显具有呼应性的，因此本题的答案为选项G。
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