首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
For years, many educators have championed "errorless learning," advising teachers (and students) to create study conditions that
For years, many educators have championed "errorless learning," advising teachers (and students) to create study conditions that
admin
2013-06-10
76
问题
For years, many educators have championed "errorless learning," advising teachers (and students) to create study conditions that do not permit errors. The idea embedded in this approach is that if students make errors, they will learn the errors and be prevented or slowed in learning the correct information. But research by Nate Kornell at U. C. L. A. reveals that this worry is misplaced. In fact, they found, learning becomes better if conditions are arranged so that students make errors.
People remember things better, longer, if they are given very challenging tests on the material, tests at which they are bound to fail. In a series of experiments, they showed that if students make an unsuccessful attempt to retrieve information before receiving an answer, they remember the information better than in a control condition in which they simply study the information. Trying and failing to retrieve the answer is actually helpful to learning.
In one of their experiments, students were required to learn pairs of "weak associates," words that are loosely related such as star—night. In the pretest condition, students were given the first word of the pair (star— ???) and told to try to generate the second member that they would have to later remember. They had 8 seconds to do so. At that point they were given the target pair for 5 seconds. In the control condition, students were given the pair to study for 13 seconds.
The team found that students remembered the pairs much better when they first tried to retrieve the answer before it was shown to them. Studying a pair for 13 seconds produces worse recall than studying the pair for 5 seconds, if students in the latter condition spent the previous 8 seconds trying to retrieve or guess the answer. But the effect averaged about 10 percent better recall, and occurred both immediately after study and after a delay averaging 38 hours.
In another experiment, students were asked to read an essay and prepare for a test on it. However, in the pretest condition they were asked questions about the passage before reading it. Asking these kinds of question before reading the passage obviously focuses students’ attention on the critical concepts. To control this "direction of attention" issue, in the control condition students were either given additional time to study, or the researchers focused their attention on the critical passages in one of several ways: by italicizing the critical section, by holding the key term that would be tested, or by a combination of strategies. However, in all the experiments they found an advantage in having students first guess the answers.
Of course, these are general-purpose strategies and work for any type of material, not just textbooks. And remember, even if you get the questions wrong as you self-test yourself during study the process is still useful, indeed much more useful than just studying. Getting the answer wrong is a great way to learn. [503 words]
The experiment about star—night is used to show the effect of______.
选项
A、paired-associate learning
B、dividing a learning process into segments
C、learning by making mistakes
D、testing in language teaching
答案
C
解析
本题考查写作目的。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/18d4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
TheauthorisprimarilyconcernedwithAccordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofEnglishmigrantstothecolonie
Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessmayb
Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessmayb
Theauthor’spresentationofAtlanta’scar-dependenceismeantItseemsthatthebestsolutiontothetrafficprobleminAtlant
Mostofusaretaughttopayattentiontowhatissaid—thewords.Wordsdoprovideuswithsomeinformation,butmeaningsare(1
ThewriterbelievesthattheRepublicParty,infaceofthechallengefromitsopponents,shouldWhichofthefollowingcanbes
TheauthorassertsthatremedyingtheearthatmospherewilldependuponothermeasuresthanAccordingtothetext,whatencoura
DifferentgenerationsofAmericansmaybebestdividedwithregardtoFromthetextwelearnthatthe’68Warwasbestcharacte
Themoralhighgroundhasalwaysbeenfemaleterritorybecause______.Femaleathleteskeepplayinginorderto______.
TheamountofsunlightreachingEarth’ssurfaceappearstobegrowing.Thephenomenon,whichsomedub"globalbrightening",(1)_
随机试题
若二维随机变量(X,Y)服从D上的均匀分布,其中D={(x,y)|x2+y2≤1},则(X,y)的概率密度为_____.
A.绒毛高度扩张、水肿B.滋养层上皮高度增生、呈铺石状C.绒毛侵入肌层D.胎盘早期死亡E.滋养层上皮细胞无明显变化侵蚀性葡萄胎可见
在设计合同的履行期间,发包人可能发生的违约责任是( )。
某二级公路工程实行公开招标,招标项目估算价为7000万元人民币。资金由项目所在地省交通运输厅筹集,招标人为该省公路建设投资集团公司。投标报价方式为工程量清单报价,工程数量由招标人给出,由投标人填写单价和总价。在招投标和施工过程中,发生了如下事件:
商业银行信贷业务人员只需对那些银行主动营销的客户安排面谈,进行前期调查。()
甲企业是一家工业企业,销售产品每件200元,若客户购买100件以上(含100件)可得到每件20元的商业折扣。其客户2008年8月10日购买该企业产品180件,按规定现金折扣条件为2/10、1/20、n/30。适用的增值税税率为17%.。该企业于2008年8
2009年1月,南海市财政局派出检查组对国有大型企业国华公司的会计工作进行检查。检查中了解到以下情况:(1)2008年2月15日,国华公司收到一张由国华公司和永昌公司共同负担费用支出的原始凭证,国华公司的会计人员宋某以该原始凭证及应承担的费用进行财务处
以下担保合同中自登记之日起生效的是()。
分析论述如何培养和激发学习动机。
北京某高校学工处将于2010年4月29日(星期五)19:30-21:30在校国际会议中心举办题为“领慧讲堂——大学生人生规划”就业讲座,邀请了资深专家赵左蕈先生担任演讲嘉宾。请根据上述关于活动的描述,利用MicrosoftWord制作一份宣传海报(宣传海
最新回复
(
0
)