首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
For years, many educators have championed "errorless learning," advising teachers (and students) to create study conditions that
For years, many educators have championed "errorless learning," advising teachers (and students) to create study conditions that
admin
2013-06-10
75
问题
For years, many educators have championed "errorless learning," advising teachers (and students) to create study conditions that do not permit errors. The idea embedded in this approach is that if students make errors, they will learn the errors and be prevented or slowed in learning the correct information. But research by Nate Kornell at U. C. L. A. reveals that this worry is misplaced. In fact, they found, learning becomes better if conditions are arranged so that students make errors.
People remember things better, longer, if they are given very challenging tests on the material, tests at which they are bound to fail. In a series of experiments, they showed that if students make an unsuccessful attempt to retrieve information before receiving an answer, they remember the information better than in a control condition in which they simply study the information. Trying and failing to retrieve the answer is actually helpful to learning.
In one of their experiments, students were required to learn pairs of "weak associates," words that are loosely related such as star—night. In the pretest condition, students were given the first word of the pair (star— ???) and told to try to generate the second member that they would have to later remember. They had 8 seconds to do so. At that point they were given the target pair for 5 seconds. In the control condition, students were given the pair to study for 13 seconds.
The team found that students remembered the pairs much better when they first tried to retrieve the answer before it was shown to them. Studying a pair for 13 seconds produces worse recall than studying the pair for 5 seconds, if students in the latter condition spent the previous 8 seconds trying to retrieve or guess the answer. But the effect averaged about 10 percent better recall, and occurred both immediately after study and after a delay averaging 38 hours.
In another experiment, students were asked to read an essay and prepare for a test on it. However, in the pretest condition they were asked questions about the passage before reading it. Asking these kinds of question before reading the passage obviously focuses students’ attention on the critical concepts. To control this "direction of attention" issue, in the control condition students were either given additional time to study, or the researchers focused their attention on the critical passages in one of several ways: by italicizing the critical section, by holding the key term that would be tested, or by a combination of strategies. However, in all the experiments they found an advantage in having students first guess the answers.
Of course, these are general-purpose strategies and work for any type of material, not just textbooks. And remember, even if you get the questions wrong as you self-test yourself during study the process is still useful, indeed much more useful than just studying. Getting the answer wrong is a great way to learn. [503 words]
The experiment about star—night is used to show the effect of______.
选项
A、paired-associate learning
B、dividing a learning process into segments
C、learning by making mistakes
D、testing in language teaching
答案
C
解析
本题考查写作目的。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/18d4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、
Theauthorindicatesexplicitlythatwhichofthefollowingrecordshasbeenasourceofinformationinherinvestigation?Itc
Accordingtothepassage,oneofthebiggestproblemsconfrontingAtheniansisnoise,whichismainlycausedby______.Thewor
Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessmayb
Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、
Themainpointofthisarticleisthat______.InParagraph2,thetwosentences"Youareheretodaytoseemeforhypnosis"and
Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan160—200words.Youressaymustbewrittenclearlyandy
YouaregoingtoreadatextaboutstudyingintheUnitedStates,followedbyalistofexamples.Choosethebestexamplefromt
Peoplebelievedforalongtimethattheheartwasthecenterofaperson’semotions.Thatiswhytheheartisusedinsomanye
随机试题
38岁,男性,发热伴纳差、乏力、腹胀10天,尿色加深呈茶色3天。查体:巩膜黄染,肝脾肋下可触及。血WBC6.4×109/L,N53%,L40%,M7%,ALT450U/L,血清总胆红质65.7μmol/L,直接胆红素51.4μmol/L,抗HB
A.注射剂B.片剂C.丸剂D.散剂E.糖浆剂质量检查时除一般检查项目外,还需检查药品有无虫蛀、霉变、色斑的剂型是()。
A施工单位承建某新建单线铁路工程中有1座隧道工程长2600m,其余路段为路基土石方。根据设计图纸,正洞中围岩的绝大部分是Ⅱ级围岩,局部有节理较发育的Ⅲ级围岩,进口处50m为埋深较深且比较破碎的V级围岩,拟采用小断面弱爆破暗挖法,并辅助进行超前支护。出口处4
贝多芬的音乐风格是旋律继承海顿式的_________的手法,又吸收莫扎特旋律的深情,形成简洁、粗犷质朴、热情的特征。
如果你是驻外使馆负责领事保护的工作人员,当地发生侵害华人利益的各类事件,例如打砸抢烧等。领导让你对此事写一份应对措施方案,你怎么办?追问:你该如何通知分散在所在国各地的中国留学生?
关于商王盘庚发布的各类法律,下列说法正确的是
目前,快速以太网(1000BASE一T)使用交换机来组网,这样做的目的不是为了(18)。此时以太网的拓扑结构类似(19)。(18)
Whenancientartifactshavebeen______totheseprocesses,theiroriginisusuallyimpossibletotrace.
A、AttheCustoms.B、AtaninformationdeskC、AtaluggageclaimareaD、Atthewaitinghall.A
Pub-talkA)Pub-talk,themostpopularactivityinallpubs,isanativedialectwithitsowndistinctivegrammar.Thereare
最新回复
(
0
)