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  3. As in most ethical situations, making a true or false promise involves other people. Almost every time we ask "What should I do?

As in most ethical situations, making a true or false promise involves other people. Almost every time we ask "What should I do?

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问题     As in most ethical situations, making a true or false promise involves other people. Almost every time we ask "What should I do?" we are aware that other people are involved in our behavior. Why should someone ask himself before making a false promise, "Is it right?" It may be that he is afraid of being found out. He may, however, wonder whether it is fair to the other person. How we relate ourselves to others or how we behavior affects others makes up most of the subject matter of ethics. Being aware of others is more than wondering how our actions will affect them; we are also Concerned about how the behavior of others will affect us. There is no satisfactory way for us to avoid the presence of other people. The most we can do is try to arrange the rules of behavior, of ethics, in order to reduce the amount of friction and conflict and thereby achieve the greatest amount of harmony. Whether our actions are right and good will depend to a great extent on the effect they will have on others. Actions such as telling a falsehood, stealing, injuring, and killing are considered wrong most of the time because they result in varying degrees of harm to someone. They also produce reactions from the victims, who in effect say, "If it is right for you to do that to me, then I will not hesitate to do the same thing to you."
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答案 同大多关乎道德的情形一样，做出真实或虚假的承诺涉及到他人。几乎每一次我们在问“我该做什么?”的问题时都意识到别人会受到我们行为的牵连。为什么人在做出虚假承诺时应该问自己“这样做对吗?”或许是因为他害怕被发现，然而也可能是因为他疑惑这样做对另一个人是否公平。我们如何与他人建立相互关系以及我们的行为如何影响他人构成伦理道德体系主题的大部分内容。意识到他人不仅限于想知道我们的行为如何影响对方，我们也关心他人的行为如何影响我们。不存在避免别人出现的圆满方式。我们力所能及的是尽力达成行为和道德的规则，以减少摩擦和冲突的发生量，从而实现最大程度的和谐。我们的行为是否正确和有益，在很大程度上取决于对别人造成的影响。诸如偷盗、说谎、伤害和杀人一类的行为，多数情况下被认定是错误的，因为它们导致对某人不同程度的伤害，也引起受害人冤冤相报的反应，实际上被害人等于是在说，“如果你那样对我也算正当的话，我会毫不犹豫地以同样的方式回报你。”
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