首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical
admin
2013-02-16
81
问题
Scientists researching hypnosis have uncovered evidence that counters some of the skepticism about the technique. One skeptical hypothesis is that hypnosis may be the product of "vivid imagination", a now discredited charge stemming from the observation that many people who are hypnotizable can be led to experience compellingly realistic auditory and visual hallucinations. Nothing that an auditory hallucination and the act of imagining a sound are both self-generated and that, like real hearing, a hallucination is experienced as the product of an external source, Henry Szechtman used PET(positron emission tomography)to image the brain activity of hypnotized subjects invited to imagine a scenario and then experiencing a hallucination. By monitoring regional blood flow in areas activated during both hearing and auditory hallucination but not during simple imagining, the investigators sought to determine where in the brain a hallucinated sound is mistakenly "tagged" as authentic and originating in the outside world.
Szechtman imaged the brain activity of eight very hypnotizable subjects who had been prescreened for their ability to hallucinate under hypnosis. During the session, the subjects were under hypnosis and lay in the PET scanner with their brain activity being monitored under four conditions: at rest;while hearing an audiotape of a voice, while imagining hearing the voice again;and during the auditory hallucination they experienced after being informed that the tape was playing once more, although it was not. The tests suggested that a region of the brain called the right anterior cingulate cortex was just as active while the volunteers were hallucinating as it was while they were actually hearing the stimulus. In contrast, that brain area remained dormant while the subjects were imagining that they heard the stimulus.
The second major objection raised by critics argues that hypnosis’ ability to blunt pain results from either simple relaxation or a placebo response. McGlashan established that while hypnosis was only as effective in reducing pain as a sugar pill for poorly hypnotizable people, highly hypnotizable subjects benefited three times more from hypnosis than from the placebo. In response to these successes, Rainville devised experiments to determine which brain structures are involved in pain relief during hypnosis, attempting to locate the brain structures associated with the suffering component of pain, as distinct from its sensory aspects. Using PET, he and other scientists found that hypnosis reduced the activity of the anterior cingulate cortex—an area known to be involved in pain—but did not affect the activity of the somatosensory cortex, where the sensations of pain are processed.
Despite the value of these findings, the mechanisms underlying hypnotic pain relief are still poorly understood. The model favored by most researchers is that the analgesic effect of hypnosis occurs in higher brain centers than those involved in registering the painful sensation, accounting for the fact that most autonomic responses that routinely accompany pain—such as increased heart rate — are relatively unaffected by hypnotic suggestions of analgesia.
Which of the following best defines "higher brain centers" as the term is used in the passage?
选项
A、The parts of the brain known as the somatosensory cortex, where the sensations of pain are processed.
B、The pans of the brain whose function is to distinguish the sensory aspects of pain from it suffering aspect.
C、The parts of the brain known as the anterior cingulate cortex, whose activity is suppressed by hypnosis.
D、The parts of the brain associated with pain, which appear to be insusceptible to placebo effects.
答案
C
解析
细节题目。解题点在文章的第三段和第四段。文章在第三段中提到“he and other scientists found thathypnosis reduced the activity of the anterior cingulate cortex—an area known to be involved in pain”,在第四段中提到“…that the analgesic effect of hypnosis occurs in higher brain centers…”,不难看出“higher brain centers”指的是“the anterior cingulate cortex”,故正确的答案为C选项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/1EmO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Towhatextentaretheunemployedfailingintheirdutytosocietytowork,andhowfarhastheStateanobligationtoensureth
Governmentsthatwanttheirpeopletoprosperintheburgeoningworldeconomyshouldguaranteetwobasicfights:therighttopr
Whatdoconsumersreallywant?That’saquestionmarketresearcherswouldlovetoanswer.Butsincepeopledon’talwayssaywhat
ThehistoryofAfrican—Americansduringthepast400yearsistraditionallynarrated【41】anongoingstraggleagainst【42】andindif
Itusedtobesostraightforward.Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubmittheresultsoftheirres
Thediscoveryoftheobesitygeneinhumanshalfadecadeagoofferedevidencethatchronicweightgainistheconsequenceofa
Thefuture______ofthebaldeagleisstillanimportantAmericanecologicalconcern.
Itisnotoftenrealizedthatwomen【1】ahighplaceinsouthernEuropeansocietiesinthe10thand11thcenturies.Asa【2】,thew
Howeverimportantwemayregardschoollifetobe,thereisnogainsayingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethani
世界博览会是展示人类灵感和思想的长廊。自从1851年在伦敦举办的“万国工业博览会”,世界博览会作为经济、科技和文化的盛大交流活动,取得了日益重大的意义。它是一个重要的平台,在此之上,各国展示发展经验,交流创新理念,发扬团队精神,共同展望未来。中国
随机试题
原子荧光光谱分析的基本原理仅适用于()的原子荧光分析。
某企业拟筹资2500万元,其中发行债券1000万元,筹资费用率2%,债券年利率为10%,所得税税率为33%;优先股500万元,年股利率7%,筹资费用率为3%;普通股1000万元,筹资费用率为4%,第一年预期股利率为10%,以后各年增长4%。试计算该筹
甲型肝炎病毒感染一般不会引起下列哪种临床类型的肝炎
背景某电力安装公司承接一项200MW火力发电厂全部机电安装工程,工程内容包括:锅炉机组、汽轮发电机组、厂变配电站、化学水车间、制氢车间、空气压缩车间等。其中锅炉汽包重102t,安装位置中心标高为52.7m;发电机定子158t(不包括两端罩),安装
商业银行的操作风险不是由()所引发的风险。
根据《中外合资经营企业法》规定,下列选项中,属于中外合资经营企业增加注册资本必须符合的条件有()。
王小明,男性,20岁,BMI为21,体育学院大二学生(中体力劳动)。已知每日需要能量为2600kcal,其中食物蛋白质为80g,设定由脂肪供应的能量占总热量的25%。请计算:此人每日所需脂肪和碳水化合物的适宜量是多少?
“家有一斗粮,不当孩子王。”这种说法反映了中国传统社会中教师普遍较低的()
如果说10年前,中国网民大多还贴着年轻化的标签,那么当下中国网民高达7.1亿的庞大群体,已经让互联网当仁不让地成为群众意见表达的最大平台,成为群众热点难点问题的集散地。对于各级领导干部而言,若还是持有不闻不问、装聋作哑的“鸵鸟心态”,就会在联系服务群众上留
MessageThree(Questions9—12)MESSAGEFrom:Bill’s9companyRe:arrangea10Time:6:00p.m.
最新回复
(
0
)