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  3. Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new Nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated t

Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new Nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated t

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问题     Fourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new Nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now, we are engaged in a great Civil War, testing whether that Nation, or any nation so conceived anti so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who gave their lives that Nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
    But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us; that from these honored dead, we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that this Nation, under GOD, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the People by the People and for the People shall not perish from the earth.
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答案 87年前，我们的先辈们在这块大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。现在我们正进行一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家，或者任何一个孕育于自由和奉行上述原则的国家是否能够长久存在下去。我们在这场战争中的一个伟大战场上集会。烈士们为使这个国家能够生存下去而献出了自己的生命，我们来到这里，是要把这个战场的一部分奉献给他们作为最后安息之所。我们这样做是完全应该而且是非常恰当的。 但是，从更广泛的意义上来说，我们不能够奉献，不能够圣化，也不能够神化这块土地。那些曾在这里战斗过的勇士们，活着的和去世的，已经把这块土地圣化了，这远不是我们微薄的力量所能增减的。我们今天在这里所说的话，世人不太会注意，也不会长久地记住，但勇士们的英雄业绩，世人却永远不会忘记。
解析     这段材料选自Abraham Lincoln在1863年11月19日发表的演讲Gettysburg Address。林肯的这篇演说是演说史上著名的篇章，思想深刻，行文严谨，语言冼练，是彪炳青史的大手笔。同时，语言简短朴素．翻译时注意语言简单精练，语体正式。
1．“score”意为“20年”，fourscore即80年。
2．bring forth原意为“产生”，这里后面的宾语是a new nation，因此引申为“创立，创建”。
3．“conceive”的最常见含义是“构思”，这里是指一个国家的建国理念，显然不是此常见词义。句中应为“孕育”之意。
4．proposition意为“提议”，后面的that引导同位语从句，翻译时需要变成定语从句译出。这里进行词义引申，译成“原则”。
5．consecrate意为“使神圣”；hallow也有“使神圣”之意，为了避免重复，分别译成“圣化”和“神化”。
6．第二段末句中的“what they did here”不应按照字面笼统译为“他们所做的”，而应具体翻译成“勇士们的英雄业绩”，这样表述更准确有力，符合本文文体特点。
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