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  3. Proponents of different jazz styles have always argued that their predecessors, musical style did not include essential characte

Proponents of different jazz styles have always argued that their predecessors, musical style did not include essential characte

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问题    Proponents of different jazz styles have always argued that their predecessors, musical style did not include essential characteristics that define jazz as jazz. Thus, 1940’s swing was belittled by beboppers of the 1950’s, who were themselves attacked by free jazzers of the 1960s. The neoboppers of the 1980s and 1990s attacked almost everybody else. The titanic figure of black saxophonist John Coltrane bas complicated the arguments made by proponents of styles from bebop through neobop because in his own musical journey he drew from all those styles. His influence on all types of jazz was immeasurable. At the height of his popularity, Coltrane largely abandoned playing bebop, the style that had brought him fame, to explore the outer reaches of jazz.
   Coltrane himself probably believed that the only essential characteristic of jazz was improvisation, the one constant in his journey from bebop to open-ended improvisations on modal, Indian, and African melodies. On the other hand, this dogged student and prodigious technician--who insisted on spending hours each day practicing scales from theory books--was never able to jettison completely the influence of bebop, with its fast and elaborate chains of notes and ornaments on melody.
   Two stylistic characteristics shaped the way Coltrane played the tenor saxophone, and he favored playing fast runs of notes built on a melody and depended on heavy, regularly accented beats. The first led Coltrane to "sheets of sound" where he raced faster and faster, pile-driving notes into each other to suggest stacked harmonies. The second meant that his sense of rhythm was almost as close to rock as to bebop.
   Three recordings illustrate Coltrane’s energizing explorations. Recording Kind of Blue with Miles Davis, Coltrane found himself outside bop, exploring modal melodies. Here he played surging, lengthy solos built largely around repeated motifs--an organizing principle unlike that of free jazz saxophone player Ornette Coleman, who modulated or altered melodies in his solos. On Giant Steps, Coltrane debuted as leader, introducing his own compositions.  Here the sheets of sound, downbeat accents, repetitions, and great speed are part of each solo, and the variety of the shapes of his phrases is unique. Coltrane’s searching explorations produced solid achievement. My Favorite Things was another kind of watershed. Here Coltrane played the soprano saxophone, an instrument seldom used by jazz musicians.  Musically, the results were astounding.  With the soprano’s piping sound, ideas that had sounded dark and brooding acquired a feeling of giddy fantasy.
   When Coltrane began recording for the Impulse! label, he was still searching. His music became raucous, physical. His influence on rockers was enormous, including Jimi Hendrix, the rock guitarist, who following Coltrane, raised the extended guitar solo using repeated motifs to a kind of rock art form. (451)
The author mentions the work of Ornette Coleman in the fourth paragraph in order to ______.
选项 A、expand the discussion by mentioning the work of a saxophone player who played in Coltrane’s style
B、compare Coltrane’s solos with the work of another jazz artist
C、support the idea that rational organizing principles need to be applied to artistic work
D、indicate disagreement with the way Coltrane modulated the motifs in his lengthy solos
答案B
解析 推理判断题。作者在第四段在讲述Coltrane的曲风时提到了另一位萨克斯手Ornette Coleman…he played surging，lengthy solos built largely around repeated motifs--an organizing principle unlike that of free jazz saxophone player Ornette Coleman，who modulated or altered melodies in his solos．两者演奏的原则是有所不同的，因此B项为正确答案。
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