首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
It used to be so straightforward(直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of thei
It used to be so straightforward(直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of thei
admin
2016-01-10
76
问题
It used to be so straightforward(直接的). A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the author’s names and affiliations(附属机构)from the paper and send it to their peers for review, depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publishers, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
No longer. The Internet—and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it— is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD)has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific Technical and Medical Publisher says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author(or his employer)to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives(档案), where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories(仓库). Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
Which of the following is true of the OECD report?
选项
A、It criticizes government-funded research.
B、It introduces an effective means of publication.
C、It upsets profit-making journal publishers.
D、It facilitates public investment in scientific research.
答案
C
解析
判断题。第二段第三、四句指出,经合组织的报告描述了免费使用科研成果这一做法的深远影响,出版商读了肯定很不舒服,因为他们赚取了丰厚的利润。可见,C项“它让获利的期刊出版商感到不舒服”是正确答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/1usZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Researcherssaytalkingtoyourself,outloud,ismorecommonthanmanyofusmightcaretoadmit.Psychologistscallit"selft
FiguringoutifmillionsofAmericanworkersareatriskfromon-the-jobexposuretohazardouschemicalshaslongbeenathorny
Accesstomental-healthcareshouldsoonbecheaperandeasierformillionsofAmericans,thankstoa"mental-healthparity"law
AnewmaladyisrunningrampantlyincorporateAmerica:managementphobia.Manypeopledon’twanttobemanager,andmanypeople
Studentstakingbusinesscoursesaresometimesalittlesurprisedtofindthatlecturesonbusinessethicshavebeenincludedin
Studentstakingbusinesscoursesaresometimesalittlesurprisedtofindthatlecturesonbusinessethicshavebeenincludedin
Thereisnomarketwithoutincome,andtheyouthsegmentqualifiesonthisimportantdimension.Theirspendingreachedabout$55
Whatdoconsumersreallywant?That’saquestionmarketresearcherswouldlovetoanswer.Butsincepeopledon’talwayssaywhat
ArecentcaseinAustraliashowshoweasilyfearcanfrustrateaninformant’sgoodintentions.InDecember,awomanwroteanonym
随机试题
一份公文的文种要与该份公文的——相互呼应()
龟甲入汤剂应当
国家环境保护总局颁布的《建设项目评价资格证书管理办法》对评价单位有下列()行为,也作出处理规定。
设计水工建筑物时,首先计算建筑物上承受的荷载,然后进行荷载组合。在下列荷载中,()是可变作用荷载。
国际重复征税的免除,包括()。
导游员被一次扣分达到10分,参加年审时应()。
下列表述中不正确的是()。
大连人直面历史,表现出了应有的________,采取了极为________的做法,他们没有“砸碎一个旧世界,建立一个新世界”,而是完好的保留了那些欧式建筑、广场和绿地。依次填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是()。
《送杜少府之任蜀州》是著名送别诗,其作者是“初唐四杰”之一的______。
WhoisMs.Stevens?
最新回复
(
0
)