首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
It’s bad biology to argue against the existence of animal emotions. Scientific research in evolutionary biology, cognitive ethol
It’s bad biology to argue against the existence of animal emotions. Scientific research in evolutionary biology, cognitive ethol
admin
2016-08-02
121
问题
It’s bad biology to argue against the existence of animal emotions. Scientific research in evolutionary biology, cognitive ethology and social neuroscience support the view that numerous and diverse animals have rich and deep emotional lives. Emotions have evolved as adaptations in numerous species and they serve as a social glue to bond animals with one another. Emotions also catalyze and regulate a wide variety of social encounters among friends and competitors and permit animals to protect themselves adaptively and flexibly using various behavior patterns in a wide variety of venues. Charles Darwin’s well-accepted ideas about evolutionary continuity, that differences among species are differences in degree rather than kind, argue strongly for the presence of animal emotions, empathy, and even moral behavior. In practice, continuity allows us to connect the "evolutionary dots" among different species to highlight similarities in evolved traits including individual feelings and passions. What we have since learned about animal emotions and empathy fits in well with what we know about the lifestyle of different species—how complex their social interactions and social networks are. Emotions, empathy, and knowing right from wrong are keys to survival, without which animals—both human and nonhuman-would perish. That’s how important they are. The borders between "them"(animals)and "us" are murky and permeable.
Studying animal emotions addresses a number of big questions concerning how science is conducted. Many skeptics feel that we are so uncertain about whether other animals have any sort of emotional life that they prefer to put off weighing in until we know more. For some, this really means waiting until we are absolutely sure. But science is never as certain as many would like it to be. Climate change researcher Henry Pollack says it well in his book Uncertain Science... Uncertain World: "Because uncertainty never disappears, decisions about the future, big and small, must always be made in the absence of certainty. Waiting until uncertainty is eliminated is an implicit endorsement of the status quo, and often an excuse for maintaining it. . . Uncertainty, far from being a barrier to progress, is actually a strong stimulus for, and an important ingredient of, creativity. "
I often begin my lectures with the question: "Is there anyone in this audience who thinks that dogs don’t have feelings that they don’t experience joy and sadness?" I’ve never had an enthusiastic response to this question, even in scientific gatherings, although on occasion a hand or two goes up slowly, usually halfway, as the person glances around to see if anyone is watching. But if I ask, "How many of you believe that dogs have feelings?" then almost every hand waves wildly and people smile and nod in vigorous agreement. Using behavior as our guide, by analogy we map the feelings of other beings onto our own emotional templates, and we do it very reliably.
It can be inferred from the text that animal emotions ______ .
选项
A、originate from natural evolution
B、remain uncertain until we are sure
C、develop faster in social encounters
D、are as rich and deep as human emotions
答案
A
解析
根据第一段第三句“Emotions have evolved as adaptations in numerous species…”和该段中间的“In practice,continuity allows us…to highlight similarities in evolved traits including individualfeelings and passions”,A应为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/2BoZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Theclean-energybusinessisturningintothenextbiginvestmentboom,inwhichrisksarelightlyignored.Untilrecently,reca
Ifthereisonecentral,recurringmistaketheUnitedStatesmakeswhendealingwiththerestoftheworld,itistoassumethat
Menaregenerallybetterthanwomenontestsofspatialability,suchasmentallyrotatinganobjectthroughthreedimensionsor
Therewasatimewhennegotiationbetweenmanagementandlaborfollowedapredictablepattern.Withawinkandasmileonthefa
Manypeopleseeremarriageasafreshnewchanceathappinesswithapartnerwhomtheyshouldhavechoseninthefirstplace.Bu
Effortscouldpotentiallyavoidatleastsomeofthepsychopathy(mentalillness)thatunderliesschoolshootings,sincemedicin
Youarewhatyoueat,orsothesayinggoes.ButRichardWrangham,ofHarvardUniversity,believesthatthisistrueinamorep
JonathanSwiftmadeafamousModestProposalin1729thatthebabiesoftheIrishpoorshouldbeeatentopreventthemgrowingu
IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynursery,wasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe【C1】_____
IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynursery,wasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe【C1】_____
随机试题
普遍优惠待遇的特点包括()
限制性核酸内切酶可以特异性切割双链DNA中的一条链。()
国家药品监督管理局网址中国医药信息网
下列属于公路工程一般质量事故的是()。
在标准耐火试验条件下,对一墙体耐火极限试验,试验记录显示,该受火作用至0.5h时粉刷层开始脱落,受火作用至1.00h时背火面的温度超过了规定值,受火作用至1.20h时出现了穿透裂缝,受火作用至1.50h时墙体开始坍塌,该墙体的耐火极限是()h。
一般来说,从宏观调控政策所遇到的阻力因素来看,下列说法正确的是( )。
乙公司于2011年1月1日采用分期收款方式销售大型设备,合同销售价格为1000万元,分5年于每年年末收取。假定该大型设备不采用分期收款方式时的销售价格为800万元,销售价格中均不含增值税。若实际利率为7.93%,则乙公司2012年度因该项销售业务应冲减的财
甲企业与乙银行签订一借款合同。合同约定:甲企业向乙银行借款500万元,借款期限自2009年8月1日至2011年7月31日,以及利息支付等事项。张某在借款合同保证人一栏签字。甲企业将其现有的以及将有的生产设备、原材料、半成品、产品一并抵押给乙银行,双方签订了
关于表彰市××厂实现“安全生产年”的通报×府发[2013]5号市属各企业:①为此,市政府决定给予市××厂通报表扬,以资鼓励。②为确保企业生产和人民生命财产安全,我市××厂从各方面采取有
以下属于估算实体性贬值率的方法的有()。
最新回复
(
0
)